From: Epidemiology and risk factors in CKD patients with pulmonary hypertension: a retrospective study
All | CKD1 | CKD2 | CKD3 | CKD4 | CKD5 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. of patients | 705 | 84 | 63 | 108 | 132 | 318 |
Age (years) | 48.12 ± 15.02 | 39.50 ± 15.59 | 45.49 ± 15.10 | 49.52 ± 15.15 | 51.54 ± 15.30 | 46.44 ± 14.63 |
Gender | ||||||
Male, n (%) | 390 (55.32%) | 44 (52.38%) | 25 (39.68%) | 75 (69.44%) | 85 (64.39%) | 161 (52.83%) |
Female, n (%) | 315 (44.68%) | 40 (47.62%) | 38 (60.32%) | 33 (30.56%) | 47 (35.61%) | 157 (47.17%) |
BMI (kg/m2) | 22.32 ± 4.45 | 21.88 ± 4.08 | 22.43 ± 4.58 | 22.04 ± 4.56 | 22.19 ± 3.88 | 22.56 ± 4.70 |
Etiology of CKD, n (%) | ||||||
Glomerulonephritis | 481 (68.23%) | 65 (77.38%) | 39 (61.90%) | 79 (73.15%) | 83 (62.88%) | 215 (67.61%) |
Diabetic nephropathy | 104 (14.75%) | 9 (10.71%) | 13 (20.63%) | 12 (11.11%) | 25 (18.94%) | 45 (14.15%) |
Hypertensive nephropathy | 57 (8.09%) | 4 (4.76%) | 6 (9.52%) | 9 (8.33%) | 13 (9.85%) | 25 (7.86%) |
Lupus nephritis | 14 (1.99%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (1.59%) | 1 (0.93%) | 5 (3.79%) | 7 (2.20%) |
Polycystic kidney disease | 20 (2.84%) | 3 (3.57%) | 1 (1.59%) | 3 (2.78%) | 1 (0.76%) | 12 (3.77%) |
Others | 29 (4.11%) | 3 (3.57%) | 3 (4.76%) | 4 (3.70%) | 5 (3.79%) | 14 (4.40%) |
Medications, n (%) | ||||||
ACEI or ARB | 294 (41.70%) | 49 (58.33%) | 16 (25.40%) | 0 (0%) | 51 (38.64%) | 178 (55.97%) |
Diuretics | 88 (12.48%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 28 (25.93%) | 24 (18.18%) | 36 (11.32%) |
CCB | 407 (57.73%) | 21 (25%) | 21 (25%) | 64 (59.26%) | 92 (69.70%) | 209 (65.72%) |
β-blocker | 285 (40.43%) | 13 (15.48%) | 16 (25.40%) | 43 (39.81%) | 64 (48.48%) | 149 (46.86%) |
α-blocker | 18 (2.55%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (1.85%) | 5 (3.79%) | 11 (3.46%) |
Digoxin | 14 (1.99%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 14 (4.40%) |
Warfarin | 26 (3.69%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 12 (11.11%) | 0 (0%) | 14 (4.40%) |
Prostacyclin | 247 (35.04%) | 0 (0%) | 12 (19.05%) | 76 (70.37%) | 82 (62.12%) | 77 (24.21%) |
Laboratory tests | ||||||
Hb (g/L) | 94.19 ± 23.46 | 103.66 ± 20.54 | 100.68 ± 21.29 | 103.05 ± 26.33 | 94.64 ± 23.56 | 87.22 ± 21.26 |
ALB (g/L) | 34.75 ± 5.68 | 35.60 ± 5.07 | 34.39 ± 5.26 | 34.80 ± 5.59 | 34.27 ± 5.25 | 34.78 ± 6.11 |
TC (mmol/L) | 4.37 ± 1.16 | 4.41 ± 0.98 | 4.50 ± 1.28 | 4.44 ± 1.30 | 4.12 ± 0.93 | 4.41 ± 1.21 |
TG (mmol/L) | 1.68 ± 1.10 | 1.52 ± 0.82 | 1.53 ± 0.80 | 1.66 ± 1.03 | 1.82 ± 1.26 | 1.70 ± 1.17 |
Proteinuria (mg/24 h) | 1783.13 ± 1233.31 | 1387.64 ± 1016.40 | 1586.44 ± 1122.68 | 1543.20 ± 1207.24 | 1699.50 ± 1158.92 | 2042.75 ± 1294.12 |
Ca (mmol/L) | 2.17 ± 0.19 | 2.20 ± 0.11 | 2.16 ± 0.11 | 2.27 ± 0.12 | 2.22 ± 0.14 | 2.22 ± 0.24 |
P (mmol/L) | 1.41 ± 0.52 | 0.99 ± 0.12 | 1.04 ± 0.13 | 1.11 ± 0.13 | 1.25 ± 0.23 | 1.76 ± 0.57 |
PTH (pg/ml) | 326.20 ± 180.71 | 271.98 ± 123.31 | 334.10 ± 182.36 | 290.55 ± 153.09 | 320.75 ± 146.67 | 353.33 ± 207.99 |
Ferritin (ng/ml) | 350.27 ± 192.52 | 319.08 ± 95.40 | 331.24 ± 92.25 | 366.82 ± 258.77 | 354.95 ± 132.96 | 354.72 ± 218.88 |
SI (μmol/L) | 12.38 ± 5.62 | 12.74 ± 4.88 | 12.36 ± 5.62 | 12.49 ± 5.36 | 11.60 ± 5.69 | 12.58 ± 5.86 |
C3 (g/L) | 0.96 ± 0.29 | 1.01 ± 0.32 | 0.96 ± 0.29 | 0.98 ± 0.31 | 0.93 ± 0.31 | 0.94 ± 0.27 |
Hemodynamics | ||||||
SBP (mmHg) | 141.24 ± 14.14 | 137.43 ± 12.18 | 138.30 ± 9.89 | 138.45 ± 16.09 | 142.33 ± 14.78 | 143.32 ± 13.97 |
DBP (mmHg) | 85.44 ± 9.80 | 82.41 ± 9.21 | 84.48 ± 8.34 | 84.43 ± 10.35 | 84.28 ± 10.08 | 87.26 ± 9.62 |
PASP (mmHg) | 39.39 ± 13.86 | 32.40 ± 9.35 | 38.38 ± 14.66 | 38.04 ± 13.69 | 38.86 ± 13.78 | 42.13 ± 14.09 |
LVEF (%) | 62.05 ± 10.04 | 65.08 ± 10.02 | 64.81 ± 6.49 | 63.92 ± 8.46 | 61.45 ± 9.88 | 60.31 ± 10.79 |