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Table 2 Baseline demographic, clinical, laboratory, and hemodynamic characteristics of the study population by PASP

From: Epidemiology and risk factors in CKD patients with pulmonary hypertension: a retrospective study

 

All

PASP ≤35 mmHg

35 mmHg < PASP ≤45 mmHg

45 mmHg < PASP ≤60 mmHg

PASP > 60 mmHg

No. of patients

705

371

156

106

72

Age (years)

48.12 ± 15.02

48.43 ± 15.50

45.50 ± 14.08

49.83 ± 15.81

49.71 ± 12.63

Gender

 Male, n (%)

400

231 (57.75%)

73 (18.25%)

46 (11.50%)

40 (10.00%)

 Female, n (%)

305

140 (45.90%)

83 (27.21%)a

60 (19.67%)a

32 (10.49%)

BMI (kg/m2)

22.32 ± 4.45

21.55 ± 3.96

22.98 ± 4.94**

22.47 ± 4.39

24.65 ± 4.85***

Etiology of CKD, n (%)

 Glomerulonephritis

481

268 (55.72%)

100 (20.79%)

69 (14.35%)

44 (9.15%)

 Diabetic nephropathy

104

45 (43.27%)

31 (29.81%)b

17 (16.35%)

11 (10.58%)

 Hypertensive nephropathy

57

30 (52.36%)

13 (22.81%)

9 (15.79%)

5 (8.77%)

 Lupus nephritis

14

4 (28.57%)

0 (0%)

3 (21.43%)

7 (50.00%)b

 Polycystic kidney disease

20

11 (55.00%)

6 (30.00%)

3 (15.00%)

0 (0%)

 Others

29

13 (44.83%)

6 (20.69%)

5 (17.24%)

5 (17.24%)

No. of anti-hypertensives

 0 anti-hypertensive

72

41 (56.94%)

14 (19.44%)

9 (12.50%)

8 (11.11%)

 1 anti-hypertensives

180

107 (59.44%)

28 (15.56%)

29 (16.11%)

16 (8.89%)

 2 anti-hypertensives

230

132 (57.39%)

56 (24.35%)

22 (9.57%)

20 (8.70%)

 3 anti-hypertensives

155

63 (40.65%)

39 (25.16%)

37 (23.87%)

16 (10.32%)

  ≥ 4 anti-hypertensives

68

28 (41.18%)

19 (27.94%)

9 (13.24%)

12 (17.65%)

Other medications, n (%)

 Digoxin

14

5 (35.71%)

0 (0%)

5 (35.71%)

4 (28.57%)

 Warfarin

26

5 (19.23%)

12 (46.15%)

5 (19.23%)

4 (15.38%)

 Prostacyclins

247

120 (48.58%)

55 (22.27%)

37 (14.98%)

35 (14.17%)

Laboratory tests

 Hb (g/L)

94.19 ± 23.46

107.45 ± 19.82

80.37 ± 19.50***

77.91 ± 19.40***

81.37 ± 12.77***

 ALB (g/L)

34.75 ± 5.68

35.44 ± 5.11

34.50 ± 5.98

33.15 ± 6.92*

34.06 ± 5.31

 TC (mmol/L)

4.37 ± 1.16

4.28 ± 0.99

4.43 ± 1.58

4.57 ± 1.10

4.38 ± 0.93

 TG (mmol/L)

1.68 ± 1.10

1.52 ± 0.81

1.90 ± 1.50*

1.61 ± 0.95

2.13 ± 1.43**

 Proteinuria (mg/24 h)

1783.13 ± 1233.31

1176.14 ± 971.05

2132.18 ± 1051.07***

2737.32 ± 1372.09***

2749.72 ± 687.34***

 Ca (mmol/L)

2.17 ± 0.19

2.18 ± 0.18

2.17 ± 0.20

2.14 ± 0.20

2.21 ± 0.20

 P (mmol/L)

1.41 ± 0.52

1.31 ± 0.46

1.51 ± 0.53***

1.57 ± 0.62***

1.43 ± 0.55

 PTH (pg/ml)

326.20 ± 180.71

266.02 ± 148.51

358.54 ± 163.65***

353.40 ± 154.59***

526.15 ± 228.42***

 Ferritin (ng/ml)

350.27 ± 192.52

354.34 ± 224.21

301.23 ± 142.90**

370.56 ± 146.29

405.68 ± 142.19

 SI (μmol/L)

12.38 ± 5.62

12.46 ± 5.81

13.05 ± 6.51

11.50 ± 4.60

11.83 ± 3.35

 C3 (g/L)

0.96 ± 0.29

1.01 ± 0.33

0.92 ± 0.26**

0.84 ± 0.22***

0.95 ± 0.21

Hemodynamics

 SBP (mmHg)

141.24 ± 14.14

138.46 ± 13.19

143.71 ± 16.22**

145.53 ± 14.98***

143.89 ± 9.00***

 DBP (mmHg)

85.44 ± 9.80

83.59 ± 9.45

87.28 ± 10.89**

88.49 ± 10.08***

86.54 ± 6.08**

 eGFR (ml/min/1.73m2)

33.55 ± 32.51

43.71 ± 36.13

22.84 ± 25.27***

18.48 ± 15.57***

26.57 ± 27.29***

 LVEF (%)

62.05 ± 10.04

63.50 ± 9.33

66.13 ± 7.19**

56.23 ± 11.05***

54.26 ± 9.66***

No. of dialysis patients (%)

331

136 (36.66%)

81 (51.92%)

66 (62.26%)

48 (66.67%)

Time of dialysis (months)

16.89 ± 14.16

16.58 ± 14.01

15.54 ± 11.42***

16.48 ± 14.46***

20.29 ± 17.64***

  1. PASP pulmonary artery systolic pressure, CKD chronic kidney disease, BMI body mass index, ACEI angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, ARB angiotensin receptor blocker, CCB calcium channel blocker, Hb hemoglobin, ALB albumin, TC total cholesterol, TG triglyceride, PTH parathyroid hormone, SI serum iron, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction. Results are reported as means ± standard deviation. Compared with non-PH group, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001; Compared with male group, ap < 0.05; Compared with glomerulonephritis group, bp < 0.05