From: Epidemiology and risk factors in CKD patients with pulmonary hypertension: a retrospective study
All | PASP ≤35 mmHg | 35 mmHg < PASP ≤45 mmHg | 45 mmHg < PASP ≤60 mmHg | PASP > 60 mmHg | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. of patients | 705 | 371 | 156 | 106 | 72 |
Age (years) | 48.12 ± 15.02 | 48.43 ± 15.50 | 45.50 ± 14.08 | 49.83 ± 15.81 | 49.71 ± 12.63 |
Gender | |||||
Male, n (%) | 400 | 231 (57.75%) | 73 (18.25%) | 46 (11.50%) | 40 (10.00%) |
Female, n (%) | 305 | 140 (45.90%) | 83 (27.21%)a | 60 (19.67%)a | 32 (10.49%) |
BMI (kg/m2) | 22.32 ± 4.45 | 21.55 ± 3.96 | 22.98 ± 4.94** | 22.47 ± 4.39 | 24.65 ± 4.85*** |
Etiology of CKD, n (%) | |||||
Glomerulonephritis | 481 | 268 (55.72%) | 100 (20.79%) | 69 (14.35%) | 44 (9.15%) |
Diabetic nephropathy | 104 | 45 (43.27%) | 31 (29.81%)b | 17 (16.35%) | 11 (10.58%) |
Hypertensive nephropathy | 57 | 30 (52.36%) | 13 (22.81%) | 9 (15.79%) | 5 (8.77%) |
Lupus nephritis | 14 | 4 (28.57%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (21.43%) | 7 (50.00%)b |
Polycystic kidney disease | 20 | 11 (55.00%) | 6 (30.00%) | 3 (15.00%) | 0 (0%) |
Others | 29 | 13 (44.83%) | 6 (20.69%) | 5 (17.24%) | 5 (17.24%) |
No. of anti-hypertensives | |||||
0 anti-hypertensive | 72 | 41 (56.94%) | 14 (19.44%) | 9 (12.50%) | 8 (11.11%) |
1 anti-hypertensives | 180 | 107 (59.44%) | 28 (15.56%) | 29 (16.11%) | 16 (8.89%) |
2 anti-hypertensives | 230 | 132 (57.39%) | 56 (24.35%) | 22 (9.57%) | 20 (8.70%) |
3 anti-hypertensives | 155 | 63 (40.65%) | 39 (25.16%) | 37 (23.87%) | 16 (10.32%) |
≥ 4 anti-hypertensives | 68 | 28 (41.18%) | 19 (27.94%) | 9 (13.24%) | 12 (17.65%) |
Other medications, n (%) | |||||
Digoxin | 14 | 5 (35.71%) | 0 (0%) | 5 (35.71%) | 4 (28.57%) |
Warfarin | 26 | 5 (19.23%) | 12 (46.15%) | 5 (19.23%) | 4 (15.38%) |
Prostacyclins | 247 | 120 (48.58%) | 55 (22.27%) | 37 (14.98%) | 35 (14.17%) |
Laboratory tests | |||||
Hb (g/L) | 94.19 ± 23.46 | 107.45 ± 19.82 | 80.37 ± 19.50*** | 77.91 ± 19.40*** | 81.37 ± 12.77*** |
ALB (g/L) | 34.75 ± 5.68 | 35.44 ± 5.11 | 34.50 ± 5.98 | 33.15 ± 6.92* | 34.06 ± 5.31 |
TC (mmol/L) | 4.37 ± 1.16 | 4.28 ± 0.99 | 4.43 ± 1.58 | 4.57 ± 1.10 | 4.38 ± 0.93 |
TG (mmol/L) | 1.68 ± 1.10 | 1.52 ± 0.81 | 1.90 ± 1.50* | 1.61 ± 0.95 | 2.13 ± 1.43** |
Proteinuria (mg/24 h) | 1783.13 ± 1233.31 | 1176.14 ± 971.05 | 2132.18 ± 1051.07*** | 2737.32 ± 1372.09*** | 2749.72 ± 687.34*** |
Ca (mmol/L) | 2.17 ± 0.19 | 2.18 ± 0.18 | 2.17 ± 0.20 | 2.14 ± 0.20 | 2.21 ± 0.20 |
P (mmol/L) | 1.41 ± 0.52 | 1.31 ± 0.46 | 1.51 ± 0.53*** | 1.57 ± 0.62*** | 1.43 ± 0.55 |
PTH (pg/ml) | 326.20 ± 180.71 | 266.02 ± 148.51 | 358.54 ± 163.65*** | 353.40 ± 154.59*** | 526.15 ± 228.42*** |
Ferritin (ng/ml) | 350.27 ± 192.52 | 354.34 ± 224.21 | 301.23 ± 142.90** | 370.56 ± 146.29 | 405.68 ± 142.19 |
SI (μmol/L) | 12.38 ± 5.62 | 12.46 ± 5.81 | 13.05 ± 6.51 | 11.50 ± 4.60 | 11.83 ± 3.35 |
C3 (g/L) | 0.96 ± 0.29 | 1.01 ± 0.33 | 0.92 ± 0.26** | 0.84 ± 0.22*** | 0.95 ± 0.21 |
Hemodynamics | |||||
SBP (mmHg) | 141.24 ± 14.14 | 138.46 ± 13.19 | 143.71 ± 16.22** | 145.53 ± 14.98*** | 143.89 ± 9.00*** |
DBP (mmHg) | 85.44 ± 9.80 | 83.59 ± 9.45 | 87.28 ± 10.89** | 88.49 ± 10.08*** | 86.54 ± 6.08** |
eGFR (ml/min/1.73m2) | 33.55 ± 32.51 | 43.71 ± 36.13 | 22.84 ± 25.27*** | 18.48 ± 15.57*** | 26.57 ± 27.29*** |
LVEF (%) | 62.05 ± 10.04 | 63.50 ± 9.33 | 66.13 ± 7.19** | 56.23 ± 11.05*** | 54.26 ± 9.66*** |
No. of dialysis patients (%) | 331 | 136 (36.66%) | 81 (51.92%) | 66 (62.26%) | 48 (66.67%) |
Time of dialysis (months) | 16.89 ± 14.16 | 16.58 ± 14.01 | 15.54 ± 11.42*** | 16.48 ± 14.46*** | 20.29 ± 17.64*** |