Table 1 Characteristics of patients who initiated dialysis in 2008 stratified by poor functional status and good functional status
From: Functional status, pre-dialysis health and clinical outcomes among elderly dialysis patients
Variable | All | Poor functional status | Good functional status | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Number of Subjects | 49,645 | 9295 (18.7%) | 40,350 (81.3%) | |
Mortality, % | ||||
90-Day | 11.6 | 19.3 | 9.8 | < 0.001 |
1-Year | 31.2 | 46.4 | 27.7 | < 0.001 |
Demographics | ||||
Age (years) | 72 (11) | 73 (11) | 71 (11) | < 0.001 |
18–29 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | < 0.001 |
30–39 | 1.2 | 0.8 | 1.2 | |
40–49 | 3.4 | 2.4 | 3.6 | |
50–59 | 9.1 | 8.3 | 9.3 | |
60–69 | 23.6 | 21.1 | 24.2 | |
70–79 | 36.9 | 35.3 | 37.3 | |
80–89 | 23.6 | 28.9 | 22.4 | |
90–100 | 2.0 | 3.0 | 1.8 | |
Octogenarians, % | 25.6 | 31.9 | 24.2 | < 0.001 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 28.7 (7.7) | 28.9 (8.4) | 28.6 (7.5) | 0.002 |
< 18.5 | 3.7 | 4.9 | 3.4 | < 0.001 |
18.5–24.99 | 31.8 | 32.0 | 31.8 | |
25–30 | 28.5 | 25.4 | 29.3 | |
> 30 | 34.4 | 35.8 | 34.0 | |
Missing | 1.6 | 1.9 | 1.6 | |
Male, % | 54.6 | 48.8 | 55.9 | < 0.001 |
Race, % | 0.59 | |||
Hispanic | 9.3 | 9.7 | 9.2 | |
White | 62.3 | 61.8 | 62.4 | |
Black | 24.5 | 24.6 | 24.5 | |
Asian | 3.0 | 2.9 | 3.0 | |
Native American | 0.9 | 1.0 | 0.9 | |
Comorbidities, % | ||||
Congestive heart failure | 40.8 | 52.8 | 38.0 | < 0.001 |
ASHD | 42.9 | 53.6 | 40.4 | < 0.001 |
Hypertension | 85.2 | 86.5 | 84.9 | < 0.001 |
Diabetes mellitus | 56.2 | 63.4 | 54.5 | < 0.001 |
Cancer | 9.8 | 10.7 | 9.5 | < 0.001 |
Amputation | 3.5 | 8.1 | 2.5 | < 0.001 |
Peripheral vascular disease | 18.1 | 26.4 | 16.2 | < 0.001 |
TIA/CVA | 12.4 | 21.0 | 10.4 | < 0.001 |
COPD | 12.6 | 18.7 | 11.2 | < 0.001 |
Dialysis modality, % | ||||
Hemodialysis | 95.9 | 98.4 | 95.3 | < 0.001 |
Peritoneal dialysis | 4.1 | 1.6 | 4.7 | |
Hemodialysis access, % | ||||
AV access | 17.7 | 10.7 | 19.3 | < 0.001 |
Central venous catheter | 82.3 | 89.3 | 80.7 | |
Maturing AV access (among CVC) | 21.4 | 17.2 | 22.4 | < 0.001 |
Laboratory variables from within 45-day period prior to most recent ESRD episode | ||||
Albumin, g/dL | 3.1 (0.7) | 2.9 (0.7) | 3.2 (0.7) | < 0.001 |
< 3.5 | 51.8 | 60.5 | 49.7 | < 0.001 |
≥ 3.5 | 25.3 | 16.8 | 27.2 | |
Missing | 23.0 | 22.7 | 23.0 | |
Hemoglobin, g/dL | 10.0 (1.5) | 9.9 (1.5) | 10.1 (1.5) | < 0.001 |
< 11 | 68.3 | 71.8 | 67.5 | < 0.001 |
11–12 | 15.1 | 13.3 | 15.5 | |
> 12 | 8.5 | 8.0 | 8.6 | |
Missing | 8.1 | 6.9 | 8.4 | |
Dialysis setting, % | ||||
Dialysis facility | 95.0 | 95.7 | 94.8 | < 0.001 |
Home | 4.3 | 1.9 | 4.8 | |
Skilled nursing facility | 0.7 | 2.3 | 0.4 | |
Employment status, % | ||||
Unemployed | 11.1 | 10.5 | 11.2 | < 0.001 |
Employed + others | 5.9 | 5.0 | 6.1 | |
Retired-age | 61.6 | 61.0 | 61.7 | |
Retired-disability | 21.4 | 23.5 | 20.9 | |
Acute hospitalization during 2- year pre-ESRD | ||||
Frequency, % | 88.9 | 93.8 | 87.8 | < 0.001 |
Total length of stay (days) | 23 (28) | 36 (36) | 20 (25) | < 0.001 |
Pre-dialysis nephrology care, % | ||||
None | 27.8 | 35.3 | 26.1 | < 0.001 |
< 12 months | 33.0 | 28.2 | 34.2 | |
> 12 months | 26.3 | 21.3 | 27.5 | |
Unknown | 12.8 | 15.1 | 12.3 | |
Cause of end stage renal disease, % | ||||
Diabetes mellitus | 45.9 | 49.7 | 45.1 | < 0.001 |
Hypertension/LVD | 32.3 | 29.9 | 32.8 | |
Malignancy | 2.6 | 2.0 | 2.8 | |
Cystic/hereditary | 1.3 | 0.6 | 1.4 | |
Secondary GN /vasculits | 1.2 | 0.9 | 1.3 | |
Glomerulonephritis | 3.9 | 2.2 | 4.3 | |
Interstitial nephritis/pyelonephritis | 2.9 | 2.8 | 2.9 | |
Others | 9.8 | 11.8 | 9.3 | |
Cause of death (among patients with 1-year mortality), % | ||||
Cardiovascular | 38.2 | 37.1 | 38.7 | < 0.001 |
Infection | 10.0 | 12.1 | 9.2 | |
Malignancy | 4.5 | 3.1 | 5.0 | |
Withdrawal of dialysis | 11.6 | 11.6 | 11.7 | |
Unknown/others | 35.6 | 36.1 | 35.4 | |
History of nursing home, % | 10.3 | 38.2 | 3.9 | < 0.001 |
Provision of transplant information, % | 65.6 | 55.5 | 67.9 | < 0.001 |