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Table 2 Characteristics of patients who initiated dialysis in 2008 stratified by 1-year mortality

From: Functional status, pre-dialysis health and clinical outcomes among elderly dialysis patients

Variable

All

Death ≤ 1 year

Death > 1 year

P value

Number of Subjects

49,645

15,513 (31.2%)

34,132 (68.8%)

 

Functional status, %

 Poor functional status

18.7

27.8

14.6

< 0.001

Demographics

 Age (years)

72 (11)

75 (10)

70 (12)

< 0.001

 18–29

0.2

0.1

0.3

< 0.001

 30–39

1.2

0.5

1.4

 

 40–49

3.4

1.7

4.2

 

 50–59

9.1

5.7

10.6

 

 60–69

23.6

18.2

26.1

 

 70–79

36.9

38.1

36.3

 

 80–89

23.6

32.1

19.7

 

 90–100

2.0

3.4

1.4

 

 Octogenarians, %

25.6

35.6

21.1

< 0.001

 Body mass index, kg/m2

28.7 (7.7)

7.5

29.1 (7.7)

< 0.001

  < 18.5

3.7

5.2

3.0

< 0.001

 18.5–24.99

31.8

36.5

29.7

 

 25–30

28.5

27.2

29.1

 

  >  30

34.4

29.5

36.6

 

 Missing

1.6

1.7

1.6

 

 Male, %

54.6

55.6

54.1

0.003

    Race, %

   

< 0.001

 Hispanic

9.3

7.1

10.3

 

 White

62.3

70.2

58.7

 

 Black

24.5

19.5

26.7

 

 Asian

3.0

2.3

3.3

 

 Native American

0.9

0.8

1.0

 

Comorbidities, %

 Congestive heart failure

40.8

49.1

37.0

< 0.001

 ASHD

42.9

48.7

40.2

< 0.001

 Hypertension

85.2

81.3

87.0

< 0.001

 Diabetes mellitus

56.2

52.4

57.9

< 0.001

 Cancer

9.8

12.5

8.5

< 0.001

 Amputations

3.5

3.8

3.4

0.03

 Peripheral vascular disease

18.1

20.7

16.9

< 0.001

 TIA/CVA

12.4

14.0

11.6

< 0.001

 COPD

12.6

16.8

10.7

< 0.001

Dialysis modality, %

 Hemodialysis

95.9

97.7

95.0

< 0.001

 Peritoneal dialysis

4.1

2.3

5.0

 

Hemodialysis access, %

 AV access

17.7

9.1

21.6

< 0.001

 Central venous catheter

82.3

90.9

78.4

 

 Maturing AV access (among CVC)

21.4

15.1

24.7

< 0.001

Laboratory variables from within 45-day period prior to most recent ESRD episode 

 Albumin, g/dL

3.1 (0.7)

3.0 (0.7)

3.2 (0.7)

< 0.001

  < 3.5

51.8

57.6

49.1

 

  ≥ 3.5

25.3

18.4

28.4

< 0.001

 Missing

23.0

24.0

22.5

 

 Hemoglobin, g/dL

10.0 (1.5)

10.0 (1.5)

10.1 (1.5)

 

  < 11

68.3

69.1

67.9

 

 11–12

15.1

13.9

15.7

 

  > 12

8.5

8.3

8.6

0.05

 Missing

8.1

8.7

7.8

< 0.001

Dialysis setting, %

 Dialysis facility

95.0

96.2

94.5

< 0.001

 Home

4.3

2.5

5.1

 

 Skilled nursing facility

0.7

1.3

0.5

 

Employment status, %

 Unemployed

11.1

10.2

11.5

< 0.001

 Employed + others

5.9

4.7

6.4

 

 Retired-age

61.6

68.3

58.5

 

 Retired-disability

21.4

16.7

23.5

 

Acute hospitalization during 2 year Pre-ESRD

 Frequency, %

88.9

93.4

86.9

< 0.001

 Total length of stay (days)

23.3 (27.9)

31.1 (32.3)

19.7 (24.9)

< 0.001

Pre-dialysis nephrology care, %

 None

27.8

35.0

24.5

< 0.001

  < 12 months

33.0

29.3

34.8

 

  > 12 months

26.3

20.0

29.2

 

 Unknown

12.8

15.7

11.5

 

Cause of end stage renal disease, %

 Diabetes mellitus

45.9

40.8

48.3

< 0.001

 Hypertension/LVD

32.3

34.1

31.5

 

 Malignancy

2.6

4.2

1.9

 

 Cystic/hereditary

1.3

0.7

1.5

 

 Secondary GN/vasculits

1.2

1.1

1.3

 

 Glomerulonephritis

3.9

2.8

4.4

 

 Interstitial nephritis/pyelonephritis

2.9

2.9

2.8

 

 Others

9.8

13.3

8.2

 

History of nursing home, %

10.3

18.0

6.8

< 0.001

Provision of transplant information, %

65.6

57.9

69.1

< 0.001

  1. Data are presented in mean (SD), or proportion where appropriate. CVA/TIA cerebrovascular accident/transient ischemic attack, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, AV arteriovenous, CVC central venous catheter, LVD large vessel disease, GN glomerulonephritis