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Table 1 Distribution of subject characteristics by ESRD occurrence at baseline 2005

From: The effect of continuity of care on the incidence of end-stage renal disease in patients with newly detected type 2 diabetic nephropathy: a retrospective cohort study

 

Total

ESRD occurrence

Person-year

Incidence Rate

(×10−5)

p-value

Yes

No

Patient level

Sex

 Male

1937

44

 

(2.3)

1893

 

(97.7)

8597.9

511.8

0.81

 Female

1628

39

(2.4)

1589

(97.6)

7350.2

530.6

Age (years)

 Under 50

738

9

 

(1.2)

729

 

(95.0)

3625.3

248.3

0.16

 50–59

926

24

(2.6)

902

(94.1)

4169.8

575.6

 60–69

1097

26

(2.4)

1071

(93.4)

4958.0

524.4

 70–79

666

20

(3.0)

646

(93.2)

2665.8

750.2

 80 and more

138

4

(2.9)

134

(94.2)

529.1

755.9

Residence area

 Metropolitan

829

18

 

(2.2)

811

 

(97.8)

3849.9

467.5

0.52

 Urban

883

17

(1.9)

866

(98.1)

4105.7

414.1

 Rural

1853

48

(2.6)

1805

(97.4)

7992.4

600.6

Health insurance type

 Health insurance

3471

80

 

(2.3)

3391

 

(97.7)

15,694.6

509.7

0.59

 Medical aid

94

3

(3.2)

91

(96.8)

253.5

1183.2

Income

 Q1 (Low)

816

27

 

(3.3)

789

 

(96.7)

3360.8

803.4

0.16

 Q2

747

12

(1.6)

735

(98.4)

3361.4

357.0

 Q3

787

18

(2.3)

769

(97.7)

3694.2

487.2

 Q4 (High)

1215

26

(2.1)

1189

(97.9)

5531.7

470.0

Insulin treatment

 Yes

160

3

 

(1.9)

157

 

(98.1)

15,312.6

522.4

0.69

 No

3405

80

(2.4)

3325

(97.7)

635.5

472.1

Disabled type

 Yes

482

28

 

(5.8)

454

 

(94.2)

1919.1

1459.0

<.0001

 No

3083

55

(1.8)

3028

(98.2)

14,028.9

392.0

PCCL indexb

 0

3469

80

 

(2.4)

3389

 

(97.6)

15,722.7

521.5

0.23

 1

61

2

(3.3)

59

(96.7)

131.5

1521.4

 ≥2

35

1

(4.2)

34

(97.1)

93.9

1064.9

Continuity of carea

 Good (0.75 ≤ COC index)

2164

33

 

(1.5)

2131

 

(98.5)

9926.7

332.4

<.0001

 Bad (COC index< 0.75)

1401

50

(3.6)

1351

(96.4)

6021.4

830.4

Hospital level

Hospital classification

 General hospital

2040

52

 

(3.5)

1968

 

(96.5)

9266.5

777.0

<.0001

 Hospital

97

11

(11.0)

86

(89.0)

408.1

245.1

 Clinic

1428

20

 

(1.4)

1408

 

(98.6)

6273.5

159.4

 Number of beds

 

787.5

±

461.0

475.7

±

508.6

  

<.0001

 Number of doctors

 

220.2

±

164.3

136.2

±

194.0

<.0001

Location

 Metropolitan

973

19

 

(2.0)

954

 

(7.5)

4608.6

412.3

0.63

 Urban

1016

24

(2.4)

992

(6.5)

4681.2

512.7

 Rural

1576

40

(2.5)

1536

(5.3)

6658.3

600.8

Survey Year

 2005

587

15

 

(2.5)

572

 

(97.5)

4975.1

301.5

0.36

 2006

440

5

(1.1)

435

(98.9)

2797.6

178.7

 2007

493

10

(2.0)

483

(98.0)

2611.7

382.9

 2008

526

12

(2.3)

514

(97.7)

2278.4

526.7

 2009

544

17

(3.1)

527

(96.9)

1797.4

945.8

 2010

457

14

(3.1)

443

(96.9)

1073.1

1304.6

 2011

255

8

(3.1)

247

(96.9)

343.7

2327.4

 2012

263

2

(3.8)

261

(96.2)

71.0

2817.8

Total

3565

83

(2.3)

3482

(97.7)

   
  1. aCOC index ranges from 0 to 1; 1 means that one patient has visited only one physician, and we could not put other continuity indices in this model at the same time because of multicollinearity among indices; Good is defined as COC score greater than 0.75, and Bad is defined as COC score less than 0.75
  2. bThe larger value was used regardless of whether the number of complications was related to diabetes mellitus or PCCL (Patient Clinical Complexity Level) using the KDRG code