Fig. 1

Renal biopsy findings and NET degradation and induction activities in sera. a Renal biopsy finding at the onset of disease. A total of 36 glomeruli, including 4 with global sclerosis, 17 with cellular crescent, 4 with segmental necrosis, and 11 intact glomeruli, were observed. A significant deposition of immunoglobulins (Ig) or complements was not evident (not shown). The representative glomerulus with cellular crescent formation is shown (Periodic acid methenamine silver with hematoxyline and eosin stain). Bar: 100 μm. b Renal biopsy finding at relapse of disease. A total of 18 glomeruli, including 6 with global sclerosis, 7 with cellular crescent, 1 with segmental necrosis, and 4 intact glomeruli, were observed. A significant deposition of Ig or complements was not evident (not shown). The representative glomerulus with cellular crescent formation is shown (Periodic acid Schiff stain, Bar: 100 μm). c NET degradation activity. Data are shown as the mean ± SD of sextuplicated results. **p < 0.01 in One-way ANOVA. Experiments were performed twice independently and we confirmed that the results were reproduced. d NET induction activity. Data are shown as the mean ± SD of sextuplicated results. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 in One-way ANOVA. Experiments were performed twice independently and we confirmed that the results were reproduced