Table 1 Baseline characteristics of study participants
Variable | Total (N = 103) |
|---|---|
Age (years), mean ± SD | 55.78 ± 12.58 |
Age Strata, n (%) | |
 20–29 years | 2 (1.9) |
 30–39 years | 9 (8.7) |
 40–49 years | 19 (18.4) |
 50–59 years | 33 (32.0) |
 60–69 years | 23 (22.3) |
  > 70 years | 17 (16.5) |
Male gender, n (%) | 61 (59.2) |
Duration of CKD diagnosis (months), mean ± SD | 14.67 ± 18.05 |
CKD stage, n (%) | |
 Stage 1/G1 | 0 (0.0) |
 Stage 2/G2 | 4 (3.9) |
 Stage 3a/G3a | 8 (7.8) |
 Stage 3b/G3b | 15 (14.6) |
 Stage 4/G4 | 50 (48.5) |
 Stage 5/G5 | 26 (25.2) |
Type of renal involvement, n (%) | |
 Glomerular | 62 (60.2) |
 Tubulo-interstitial | 12 (11.7) |
 Vascular | 20 (19.4) |
 Mixed | 9 (8.7) |
Comorbidities, n (%) | |
 Hypertension | 90 (87.4) |
 Diabetes | 35 (34.0) |
 Gout | 22 (21.4) |
 HIV | 13 (12.6) |
Dietary regimen, n (%) | |
 None | 32 (31.1) |
 Low protein | 46 (55.3) |
 Low-carb | 52 (50.5) |
 Low fat | 29 (28.2) |
Medications, n (%) | |
 aUrate lowering therapy | 42 (40.8) |
 bLoop diuretics | 32 (31.1) |
 cThiazide diuretics | 1 (1.0) |
 dARB | 5 (4.9) |
Systolic Blood Pressure (mmHg), mean ± SD | 142.3 ± 30.3 |
Diastolic Blood Pressure (mmHg), mean ± SD | 88.3 ± 21.3 |
Weight (kg), median (IQR) | 75.00 (18.40) |
Height (m), median (IQR) | 1.66 (0.10) |
BMI (kg/m2), median (IQR) | 26.30 (6.04) |
Haemoglobin (g/dl), mean ± SD | 10.27 ± 1.76 |
Total Cholesterol (mmol/l), mean ± SD | 2.06 ± 0.56 |
HDL-c (mmol/l), mean ± SD | 0.55 ± 0.19 |
LDL-c (mmol/l), mean ± SD | 1.25 ± 0.42 |
Tryglycerides (mmol/l), median (IQR) | 1.04 (0.72) |
Plasma creat (mg/dl), median (IQR) | 3.65 (1.55) |
eGFR (ml/min per 1.73m2), median (IQR) | 17.00 (11.00) |
Spot urine protein (mg/dl), median (IQR) | 1.07 (1.06) |
Spot urine creat (mg/dl), median (IQR) | 1.47 (1.14) |
Spot urine PCR (mg/g), median (IQR) | 803.0 (1120.0) |
Serum uric acid (mg/l), mean ± SD | 76.19 ± 20.25 |
Hyperuricemia, n (%) | 69 (67.0) |