Echocardiographic parameters and renal outcomes in patients with preserved renal function, and mild- moderate CKD

BMC Nephrology

Table 3 Adjusted associations of echocardiographic parameters with composite renal outcomes and mortality

	Parameter	Number of renal events	Adjusted HR (95% CI) - Renal outcomes	p	Number of deaths	Adjusted HR (95% CI) - Mortality	p
LVEF	Group 1 vs. 4	67 vs. 649	1.18 (0.88–1.59)	0.26	423 vs. 5602	1.46 (1.31–1.63)	< 0.001
	Group 2 vs. 4	91 vs. 649	1.06 (0.82–1.36)	0.66	803 vs. 5602	1.27 (1.17–1.38)	< 0.001
	Group 3 vs. 4	160 vs. 649	1.05 (0.87–1.26)	0.64	1403 vs. 5602	1.09 (1.02–1.16)	0.007
LVd	Quartile 2 vs. 1	178 vs. 208	0.77 (0.63–0.95)	0.02	1805 vs. 2211	0.83 (0.78–0.89)	< 0.001
	Quartile 3 vs. 1	211 vs. 208	0.97 (0.79–1.19)	0.78	1553 vs. 2211	0.80 (0.75–0.86)	< 0.001
	Quartile 4 vs. 1	292 vs. 208	1.02 (0.83–1.26)	0.83	1872 vs. 2211	0.84 (0.78–0.90)	< 0.001
LVMi	Quartile 2 vs. 1	42 vs. 56	0.72 (0.47–1.08)	0.11	450 vs. 458	0.93 (0.81–1.06)	0.29
	Quartile 3 vs. 1	84 vs. 56	1.29 (0.90–1.84)	0.17	551 vs. 458	0.97 (0.85–1.11)	0.65
	Quartile 4 vs. 1	63 vs. 56	0.81 (0.54–1.22)	0.31	626 vs. 458	0.95 (0.83–1.08)	0.41
PAP	Quartile 2 vs. 1	167 vs. 115	1.31 (1.02–1.67)	0.03	1452 vs. 1090	1.11 (1.02–1.20)	0.02
	Quartile 3 vs. 1	157 vs. 115	1.67 (1.30–2.15)	< 0.001	1374 vs. 1090	1.26 (1.16–1.37)	< 0.001
	Quartile 4 vs. 1	223 vs. 115	2.26 (1.77–2.88)	< 0.001	2062 vs. 1090	1.73 (1.60–1.88)	< 0.001
RV systolic function	Reduced vs. preserved	106 vs. 743	1.51 (1.21–1.88)	< 0.001	881 vs. 6494	1.61 (1.49–1.73)	< 0.001
RV hypertrophy	Present vs. absent	26 vs. 417	1.33 (0.88–2.02)	0.18	204 vs. 3971	1.17 (1.01–1.35)	0.04
RV dilation	Present vs. absent	149 vs. 740	1.59 (1.32–1.92)	< 0.001	1189 vs. 6414	1.45 (1.36–1.55)	< 0.001

Adjusted Cox models. Hazard ratios are adjusted for age, sex, race, baseline eGFR, history of hypertension, diabetes, CAD, or CHF, and use of ACEI and/or ARB. Composite renal outcome includes doubling of serum creatinine or initiation of maintenance dialysis or kidney transplantation. For LVEF, the following cutoffs were used: < 25%, 25–39%, 40–54%, ≥55%. HR, hazards ratio; CI, confidence interval; AA, African American race; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HTN, hypertension; CAD, coronary artery disease; CHF, congestive heart failure; ACEI, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LVd, left ventricular diastolic diameter; LVMi, left ventricular mass index (corrected for body surface area); PAP, pulmonary artery pressure; RV, right ventricle

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