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Table 3 The relationship between LVH and educational attainment

From: The association between socioeconomic disparities and left ventricular hypertrophy in chronic kidney disease: results from the KoreaN Cohort Study for Outcomes in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease (KNOW-CKD)

 

Univariate analysis

Multivariate (model 1)

Multivariate (model 2)

OR (95% CI)

P

OR (95% CI)

P

OR (95% CI)

P

Age

 50–59

reference

reference

reference

 

 60–69

1.575 (1.218–2.036)

0.001

1.409 (1.068–1.859)

0.015

1.442 (1.090–1.908)

0.01

  ≥ 70

2.468 (1.764–3.453)

< 0.001

2.246 (1.553–3.248)

< 0.001

2.308 (1.593–3.342)

< 0.001

Sex (vs. men)

1.797 (1.419–2.275)

< 0.001

1.863 (1.413–2.456)

< 0.001

1.885 (1.426–2.491)

< 0.001

BMI (reference ≤ 23.0)

2.254 (1.707–2.976)

< 0.001

2.401 (1.786–3.277)

< 0.001

2.457 (1.820–3.315)

< 0.001

MAP

1.018 (1.010–1.027)

< 0.001

1.018 (1.008–1.027)

< 0.001

1.019 (1.009–1.028)

< 0.001

DM

1.598 (1.266–2.017)

< 0.001

1.208 (0.934–1.563)

0.151

1.159 (0.890–1.510)

0.275

CKD stage

 1

reference

reference

reference

 

 2

1.409 (0.794–2.500)

0.241

1.464 (0.808–2.652)

0.209

1.365 (0.748–2.490)

0.311

 3a

1.297 (0.735–2.291)

0.369

1.293 (0.713–2.343)

0.398

1.216 (0.666–2.223)

0.524

 3b

1.983 (1.157–3.400)

0.013

1.776 (1.011–3.121)

0.046

1.613 (0.905–2.875)

0.105

 4

3.185 (1.878–5.401)

< 0.001

3.007 (1.723–5.248)

< 0.001

2.609 (1.443–4.715)

0.002

 5

3.680 (1.969–6.877)

< 0.001

3.146 (1.630–6.071)

0.001

2.645 (1.311–5.337)

0.007

Physical activity

 Low

0.942 (0.688–1.290)

0.711

0.786 (0.560–1.101)

0.161

0.817 (0.580–1.149)

0.245

 Moderate

1.108 (0.812–1.511)

0.518

0.747 (0.532–1.049)

0.093

0.764 (0.541–1.078)

0.125

 High

reference

reference

reference

 

Anemia

1.790 (1.414–2.266)

< 0.001

  

1.219 (0.904–1.645)

0.194

Educational attainment

 College graduate or more

reference

reference

reference

 

 Completed high school

1.311 (0.971–1.770)

0.077

1.150 (0.834–1.584)

0.394

1.141 (0.825–1.579)

0.425

 lower than high school

2.162 (1.616–2.892)

< 0.001

1.485 (1.069–2.063)

0.018

1.454 (1.042–2.028)

0.028

  1. Abbreviations: CI confidential interval, vs., versus, BMI body mass index, MAP mean arterial pressure, DM diabetes mellitus, CKD Chronic kidney disease;
  2. Model 1: age, sex, BMI, MAP, DM, CKD stage, physical activity, educational attainment, P for trend according to education attainment = 0.017, P for Hosmer and Lemeshow goodness of fit test = 0.090
  3. Model 2: age, sex, BMI, MAP, DM, CKD stage, physical activity, anemia, educational attainment, P for trend according to education attainment = 0.025, P for Hosmer and Lemeshow goodness of fit test = 0.086