Table 2 Baseline and follow-up data of patients according to the absence or presence of de novo DSA during follow-up
Population (n = 247) | No DSA (n = 208) | De novo DSA (n = 39) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
DEMOGRAPHICS | ||||
Age (years) | 50.9 ± 14.1 | 51.7 ± 14.0 | 46.6 ± 13.8 | 0.039 |
Male (n, %) | 173 (70.0%) | 142 (68.3%) | 31 (79.5%) | 0.16 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 25.5 ± 4.8 | 25.3 ± 4.9 | 26.4 ± 4.1 | 0.16 |
COMORBIDITIES | ||||
No smoker (n, %) | 122 (49.4%) | 101 (48.6%) | 21 (53.8%) | 0.81 |
Former smoker (n, %) | 93 (37.7%) | 80 (38.5%) | 13 (33.3%) | |
Current smoker (n, %) | 32 (13.0%) | 27 (13.0%) | 5 (12.8%) | |
Stroke (n, %) | 11 (4.5%) | 11 (5.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.22 |
Diabetes (n, %) | 55 (22.3%) | 44 (21.2%) | 11 (28.2%) | 0.33 |
Type 1 diabetes | 13 (23.6%) | 9 (20.5%) | 4 (36.4%) | |
Type 2 diabetes (with insulin) | 40 (72.7%) | 34 (77.3%) | 6 (54.5%) | |
Type 2 diabetes (no insulin) | 2 (3.6%) | 1 (2.3%) | 1 (9.1%) | |
History of coronary disease (n, %) | 25 (10.1%) | 21 (10.1%) | 4 (10.3%) | 1.00 |
Heart failure (n, %) | 41 (16.6%) | 33 (15.9%) | 8 (20.5%) | 0.47 |
Peripheral artery disease (n, %) | 19 (7.7%) | 16 (7.7%) | 3 (7.7%) | 1.00 |
Pre-transplant cancer (n, %) | 10 (4.0%) | 9 (4.3%) | 1 (2.6%) | 1.00 |
Causal nephropathy (n, %) | 0.24 | |||
Other | 25 (10.1%) | 20 (9.6%) | 5 (12.8%) | |
Chronic glomerulonephritis | 63 (25.5%) | 52 (25.0%) | 11 (28.2%) | |
Toxic | 2 (0.8%) | 2 (1.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
Diabetic nephropathy | 37 (15.0%) | 27 (13.0%) | 10 (25.6%) | |
Vascular nephropathy | 20 (8.1%) | 19 (9.1%) | 1 (2.6%) | |
Unknown | 37 (15.0%) | 35 (16.8%) | 2 (5.1%) | |
Polycystic disease | 45 (18.2%) | 38 (18.3%) | 7 (17.9%) | |
Nephrectomy | 2 (0.8%) | 1 (0.5%) | 1 (2.6%) | |
Malformative uropathy | 12 (4.9%) | 10 (4.8%) | 2 (5.1%) | |
Vasculitis | 4 (1.6%) | 4 (1.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
Dialysis prior to transplantation (n, %) | 209 (84.6%) | 174 (83.7%) | 35 (89.7%) | 0.33 |
Peritoneal dialysis | 38 (18.2%) | 32 (18.4%) | 6 (17.1%) | |
Hemodialysis | 171 (81.8%) | 142 (81.6%) | 29 (82.9%) | |
Pre-transplant dialysis time (years) | 2.1 ± 2.0 | 2.1 ± 1.9 | 2.2 ± 2.1 | 0.78 |
TRANSPLANTATION DATA | ||||
Viral status CMV donor/recipient (n, %) | 0.72 | |||
D−/R- | 59 (23.9%) | 47 (22.6%) | 12 (30.8%) | |
D−/R+ | 57 (23.1%) | 48 (23.1%) | 9 (23.1%) | |
D+/R- | 64 (25.9%) | 55 (26.4%) | 9 (23.1%) | |
D+/R+ | 67 (27.1%) | 58 (27.9%) | 9 (23.1%) | |
Donor type (n, %) | ||||
Expanded criteria donor | 63 (25.5%) | 55 (26.4%) | 8 (20.5%) | 0.72 |
Standard criteria donor | 116 (47.0%) | 97 (46.6%) | 19 (48.7%) | |
Living donor | 68 (27.5%) | 56 (26.9%) | 12 (30.8%) | |
Cold ischemia time (hours) | 13.1 ± 8.9 | 13.1 ± 8.5 | 12.8 ± 10.9 | 0.38 |
HLA A-B-DR-DQ incompatibilities (n, %) | 0.016 | |||
0–3 | 61 (24.7%) | 55 (26.4%) | 6 (15.4%) | |
4–5 | 91 (36.8%) | 81 (38.9%) | 10 (25.6%) | |
6–8 | 95 (38.5%) | 72 (34.6%) | 23 (59.0%) | |
Induction treatment (n, %) | 235 (95.1%) | 196 (94.2%) | 39 (100.0%) | 0.22 |
Lymphocyte-depletive agent | 165 (70.2%) | 136 (69.4%) | 29 (74.4%) | |
Anti-interleukin-2 receptor antibodies | 70 (29.8%) | 60 (30.6%) | 10 (25.6%) | |
Reduced exposure to CNI (n, %) | 165 (66.8%) | 129 (62.0%) | 36 (92.3%) | 0.0002 |
Mycophenolic acid cessation | ||||
During the entire follow-up | 28 (11.3%) | 26 (12.5%) | 2 (5.1%) | 0.27 |
Before the first detection of DSAa | 26 (10.5%) | 26 (12.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.019 |
POST-TRANSPLANTATION EVENTS | ||||
Delayed graft function (n, %) | 72 (29.1%) | 62 (29.8%) | 10 (25.6%) | 0.60 |
Rejection (n, %) | 42 (17.0%) | 30 (14.4%) | 12 (30.8%) | 0.013 |
T cell mediated rejection | 40 (16.2%) | 30 (14.4%) | 10 (25.6%) | |
Antibody mediated rejection | 3 (1.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | 3 (7.7%) | |
Time to first rejection (years) | 0.5 ± 1.0 | 0.3 ± 0.6 | 1.1 ± 1.6 | |
Post-transplant neoplasia (n, %) | 29 (11.7%) | 26 (12.5%) | 3 (7.7%) | 0.59 |
Skin cancer | 11 (37.9%) | 11 (42.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
Hemopathy | 3 (10.3%) | 3 (11.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
Solid cancer | 15 (51.7%) | 12 (46.2%) | 3 (100.0%) | |
Time to post-transplant cancer (years) | 3.2 ± 1.9 | 3.1 ± 1.9 | 4.0 ± 1.8 | 0.44 |
Return in dialysis (n, %) | 18 (7.3%) | 10 (4.8%) | 8 (20.5%) | 0.003 |
Death with a functioning graft (n, %) | 22 (8.9%) | 19 (9.1%) | 3 (7.7%) | 1.00 |
Graft failure from any cause including death (n, %) | 40 (16.2%) | 29 (13.9%) | 11 (28.2%) | 0.027 |
Mean Absolute Deviation (%) | ||||
Continuous | 19.9 ± 9.6 | 19.8 ± 9.3 | 20.7 ± 11.5 | 0.99 |
< 5% | 6 (2.4%) | 5 (2.4%) | 1 (2.6%) | 1.00 |
< 15% | 87 (35.2%) | 76 (36.5%) | 11 (28.2%) | 0.32 |
> 30% | 32 (13.0%) | 26 (12.5%) | 6 (15.4%) | 0.62 |
> 50% | 2 (0.8%) | 1 (0.5%) | 1 (2.6%) | 0.29 |