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Table 3 Comparing patient characteristics, principal diagnoses, causes of acute kidney injury, and indications for CRRT between study eras (excluding ECMO patients)

From: Pediatric continuous renal replacement therapy: have practice changes changed outcomes? A large single-center ten-year retrospective evaluation

Characteristic, n (%)

2004–2008

2009–2013

p-value

Patients (n)

129

144

 

Age (n)

 0 to 1 yr.

24 (19%)

32 (22%)

 

 1 to 3 yr

15 (12%)

19 (13%)

 

 3 to 5 yr

7 (5%)

16 (11%)

 

 5 to 10 yr

19 (15%)

19 (13%)

 

 10 to 15 yr

28 (22%)

29 (20%)

 

 15 to 21 yr

29 (22%)

26 (18%)

 

 > 21 yr

7 (5%)

3 (2%)

 

 Mean (SD)

9.2 (7.2)

7.7 (6.8)

0.08

Weight (n)

 0 to 10 kg

26 (20%)

38 (26%)

 

 10 to 20 kg

29 (22%)

39 (27%)

 

 20 to 50 kg

35 (27%)

33 (23%)

 

  > 50 kg

39 (30%)

34 (24%)

 

  Mean (SD)

36.0 (28.6)

31.3 (25.7)

0.15

Pre-existing end-stage renal disease

8 (6%)

5 (3%)

0.40

Sepsis on admission a

21 (20%)

13 (9%)

0.02

Immunocompromised

0.74

 Solid organ transplant

25 (20%)

33 (23%)

 

 BMT

17 (13%)

14 (10%)

 

 Not immunocompromised

61 (48%)

71 (49%)

 

 Other immunocompromised

25 (20%)

26 (18%)

 

% Fluid overload at CRRT Start b

17 (10, 26)

14 (6, 26)

0.19

Hospital Unit at CRRT Start

0.85

 Pediatric Intensive Care Unit

115 (91%)

126 (88%)

 

 Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

6 (5%)

8 (6%)

 

 Cardiovascular Intensive Care Unit

6 (5%)

9 (6%)

 

 Bone Marrow Transplant Unit

0

1 (1%)

 

ICU survival

68 (53%)

77 (53%)

0.90

28 day survival

79 (61%)

86 (60%)

0.81

60 day survival

68 (53%)

78 (54%)

0.90

Survival to discharge

60 (47%)

71 (49%)

0.72

Outpatient Renal Follow-up c

20 (33%)

38 (54%)

0.02

Diagnosis, n (%)

0.06

 Cardiac

13 (10%)

11 (8%)

 

 Renal

9 (7%)

19 (13%)

 

 Liver

19 (15%)

37 (26%)

 

 Hematology/Oncology

18 (14%)

17 (12%)

 

 Post-Bone Marrow Transplant

18 (14%)

15 (10%)

 

 Pulmonary

11 (9%)

4 (3%)

 

 Inborn error of metabolism

5 (4%)

10 (7%)

 

 Sepsis

10 (8%)

5 (4%)

 

 Neonates

10 (8%)

13 (9%)

 

 Other d

16 (12%)

13 (9%)

 

Cause of acute kidney injury a, e

(n = 113)

(n = 124)

0.04

 Multifactorial

50 (44%)

69 (56%)

 

 Septic shock

24 (21%)

14 (11%)

 

 Renal

10 (9%)

7 (6%)

 

 Poor cardiac function

5 (5%)

6 (5%)

 

 Hepatorenal syndrome

5 (4%)

8 (6%)

 

 Nephrotoxic drugs

4 (3%)

5 (4%)

 

 Abdominal compartment syndrome

1 (1%)

8 (6%)

 

 Other f

16 (13%)

7 (6%)

 

Indication for CRRT

(n = 129)

(n = 144)

0.41

 Fluid overload

74 (57%)

71 (49%)

 

 Electrolyte management

7 (5%)

9 (6%)

 

 Fluid overload and electrolyte management

28 (22%)

42 (29%)

 

 Prevent fluid overload/provide nutrition

6 (5%)

3 (2%)

 

 Other

14 (11%)

19 (13%)

 

  Hemodynamic instability

3 (21%)

4 (21%)

 

  Hyperammonemia

6 (43%)

12 (63%)

 

  Ingestion

3 (21%)

3 (16%)

 

  End-stage renal disease

2 (14%)

0

 
  1. ap < 0.05 comparing 2004–2008 with 2009–2013
  2. bMedian with (interquartile range)
  3. cPatients who received CRRT for non-renal indications were excluded from this cohort (inborn errors of metabolism, ingestion)
  4. dIncludes rheumatology, gastroenterology, multiple organ, neurology, ingestions, hemorrhage, rhabdomyolysis, and non-accidental trauma
  5. ePatients with end-stage renal disease and non-acute kidney injury indications for CRRT (i.e. inborn error of metabolism) are excluded
  6. fIncludes vasculitis, microangiopathy, rhabdomyolysis, tumor lysis, obstruction, cardiac arrest, and unknown
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BMC Nephrology

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