Serum levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha in patients with IgA nephropathy are closely associated with disease severity

Table 1 Demographic, clinical and pathological features of patients with IgA nephropathy

Characteristics	Values
Patients numbers	147
Cytokines–biopsy time interval^a (months)	27.93 (6.17–63.37)
Mean age (yr)	35 (29–45)
Male, n (%)	71 (48.3)
Systolic BP (mmHg)	120 (110–130)
Diastolic BP (mmHg)	75 (70–80)
Mean arterial pressure (mmHg)	90 (83–97)
Urinary red blood cell (/μL)	29 (7–79)
Urinary protein to serum creatinine ratio (mg/g Cr)	595 (244–1305)
24-h urine protein excretion (g/24 h)	0.82 (0.38–1.55)
< 0.3	27 (18.4%)
0.3–0.99	59 (40.1%)
1.0–2.99	46 (31.3%)
≥ 3	15 (10.2%)
Serum creatinine (mg/dL)	1.07 (0.84–1.39)
Serum IgA (g/L)	2.22 (1.82–3.22)
Cystatin C (mg/dL)	1.06 (0.93–1.57)
eGFR (mL/min•1.73m²)^b	79.29 (60.00–104.29)
CKD Stages^c, n (%)
1	57 (38.8)
2	49 (33.3)
3a	22 (15.0)
3b	8 (5.4)
4	5 (3.4)
5	6 (4.1)
Oxford classification^d, n (%)
M0/ M1	16(10.9), 131(89.1)
E0/E1	113(76.9), 34(23.1)
S0/S1	24(16.3), 123(83.7)
T0/T1/T2	45(30.6), 65(44.2), 37(44.2)
C0/C1/C2	66(44.9), 66(44.9), 15(10.2)
Medical treatments, n (%)
Untreated	35 (23.8)
Corticosteroids	71 (48.3)
Immunosuppressants	76 (51.7)
ACE-Is/ARBs	99 (67.3)

Data are presented as median (interquartile range) or frequency in percent
BP: blood pressure; 1 mmHg = 0.133Kpa; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; ACE-Is: angiotensin converting
enzyme inhibitors; ARBs: angiotensin II receptor blockers. M: mesangial hypercellularity score < 0.5 (M0) or > 0.5 (M1);
E: endocapillary hypercellularity absent (E0) or present (E1); S: segmental glomerulosclerosis absent (S0) or present (S1),
presence or absence of podocyte hypertrophy/tip lesions in biopsy specimens with S1; T: tubular atrophy/interstitial
fibrosis < 25% (T0), 26–50% (T1), or > 50% (T2); C: cellular/fibrocellular crescents absent (C0), present in at least 1
glomerulus (C1), in > 25% of glomeruli (C2)
^aTime interval between renal biopsy of patients with IgA nephropathy and sample collection
^beGFR was calculated according to the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation [19]
^cCKD stages 1–5 were divided by eGFR≥90 (G1), 60–89 (G2), 45–59 (G3a), 30–44 (G3b), 15–29 (G4), and < 15 (G5) mL/min/1.73 m², respectively, according to the new KDIGO (Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes) classification [20]
^dDetermined in accordance with the Oxford classification [5]

ISSN: 1471-2369