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Table 2 Demographic, clinical and pathological features of patients with and without elevated serum TNF-α

From: Serum levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha in patients with IgA nephropathy are closely associated with disease severity

Characteristics

Subgroups

P Value

TNF-α ≤ 8.1 pg/mL

TNF-α > 8.1 pg/mL

Patients numbers

49

98

 

Cytokines–biopsy time intervala (months)

25.93 (5.27–55.90)

28.55 (7.14–67.47)

0.63

Mean age (yr)

33 (28–41)

40 (29–47)

0.03

Male, n (%)

18 (36.7)

53 (54.1)

0.047

Systolic BP (mmHg)

120 (110–120)

120 (118–130)

0.001

Diastolic BP (mmHg)

70 (60–80)

80 (70–80)

0.02

Mean arterial pressure (mmHg)

87 (78–93)

93 (87–97)

0.003

Urinary red blood cell (/μL)

34 (7–131)

22 (7–67)

0.13

Urinary protein to serum creatinine ratio (mg/g Cr)

486 (159–881)

756 (335–1596)

0.009

24-h urine protein excretion (g/24 h)

0.68 (0.30–1.09)

0.99 (0.40–1.70)

0.03

  < 0.3

12 (24.5%)

15 (15.3%)

0.009

 0.3–0.99

23 (46.9%)

36 (36.7%)

 

 1.0–2.99

13 (26.5%)

33 (33.7%)

 

  ≥ 3

1 (2.0%)

14 (14.3%)

 

Serum creatinine (mg/dL)

0.89 (0.72–1.07)

1.19 (0.92–1.52)

< 0.0001

Cystatin C (mg/dL)

0.98 (0.79–1.12)

1.22 (1.00–2.00)

< 0.0001

eGFR (mL/min•1.73m2)b

92.95 (73.96–118.78)

70.94 (52.26–91.57)

< 0.0001

CKD Stagesc, n (%)

< 0.0001

 1

30 (61.2)

27 (27.6)

 

 2

15 (30.6)

34 (34.7)

 

 3a

2 (4.1)

20 (20.4)

 

 3b

1 (2.0)

7 (7.1)

 

 4

1 (2.0)

4 (4.1)

 

 5

0 (0.0)

6 (6.1)

 

Oxford classificationd, n (%)

 M0/ M1

9 (18.4), 40 (81.6)

7 (7.1),91 (92.9)

0.04

 E0/E1

38 (77.6), 11 (22.4)

75 (76.5), 23 (23.5)

0.89

 S0/S1

13 (26.5), 36 (73.5)

11 (11.2), 87 (88.8)

0.02

 T0/T1/T2

22 (44.9), 19 (38.8), 8 (16.3)

23 (23.5), 46 (46.9), 29 (29.6)

0.008

 C0/C1/C2

22 (44.9), 23 (46.9), 4 (8.2)

44 (44.9), 43 (43.9), 11 (11.2)

0.79

Medical treatments, n (%)

 Untreated

10 (20.4)

25 (25.5)

0.49

 Corticosteroids

22 (44.9)

49 (50.0)

0.56

 Immunosuppressants

26 (53.1)

50 (51.0)

0.82

 ACE-Is/ARBs

34 (69.4)

65 (66.3)

0.71

  1. Data are presented as median (interquartile range) or frequency in percent
  2. BP: blood pressure; 1 mmHg = 0.133Kpa; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; M: mesangial hypercellularity score < 0.5 (M0) or > 0.5 (M1); E: endocapillary hypercellularity absent (E0) or present (E1); S: segmental glomerulosclerosis absent (S0) or present (S1), presence or absence of podocyte hypertrophy/tip lesions in biopsy specimens with S1; T: tubular atrophy/interstitial fibrosis < 25% (T0), 26–50% (T1), or > 50% (T2); C: cellular/fibrocellular crescents absent (C0), present in at least 1 glomerulus (C1), in > 25% of glomeruli (C2)
  3. aTime interval between renal biopsy of patients with IgA nephropathy and sample collection
  4. beGFR was calculated according to the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation [19]
  5. cCKD stages 1–5 were divided by eGFR≥90 (G1), 60–89 (G2), 45–59 (G3a), 30–44 (G3b), 15–29 (G4), and < 15 (G5) mL/min/1.73 m2, respectively, according to the new KDIGO (Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes) classification [20]
  6. dDetermined in accordance with the Oxford classification [5]