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Table 1 Characteristics of participants with reduced eGFR stratified by sex

From: Value of reduced glomerular filtration rate assessment with cardiometabolic index: insights from a population-based Chinese cohort

Variables

Males (n = 5360)

Females (n = 6218)

Reduced eGFR (n = 90)

Normal eGFR (n = 5270)

P value*

Reduced eGFR (n = 155)

Normal eGFR (n = 6063)

P value*

Age (years)

68.78 ± 10.41

54.11 ± 10.64

< .001

68.69 ± 8.87

52.99 ± 10.08

< .001

Race (Han) (%)

87 (96.7)

4987 (94.6)

0.394

152 (98.1)

5747 (94.8)

0.068

Education level (%)

  

< .001

  

< .001

 Primary school or below

57 (63.3)

2177 (41.3)

 

135 (87.1)

3398 (56.0)

 

 Middle school

26 (28.9)

2487 (47.2)

 

18 (11.6)

2187 (36.1)

 

 High school or above

7 (7.8)

606 (11.5)

 

2 (1.3)

478 (7.9)

 

Income level (CNY) (%)

  

< .001

  

< .001

  ≤ 5000

28 (31.1)

693 (13.1)

 

41 (26.5)

680 (11.2)

 

 5000 – 20,000

45 (50.0)

2827 (53.6)

 

77 (49.7)

3361 (55.4)

 

  > 20,000

17 (18.9)

1750 (33.2)

 

37 (23.9)

2022 (33.3)

 

Diet score

2.24 ± 0.96

2.55 ± 1.10

0.008

1.68 ± 1.03

2.15 ± 1.11

< .001

Physical activity (%)

  

< .001

  

< .001

 Low

52 (57.8)

1158 (22.0)

 

100 (64.5)

2133 (35.2)

 

 Middle

36 (40.0)

3817 (72.4)

 

42 (27.1)

3587 (59.2)

 

 High

2 (2.2)

295 (5.6)

 

13 (8.4)

343 (5.7)

 

Current smoking (%)

28 (31.1)

3030 (57.5)

< .001

43 (27.7)

987 (16.3)

< .001

Current alcohol intake (%)

14 (15.6)

2421 (45.9)

< .001

3 (1.9)

180 (3)

0.452

FPG (mmol/L)

5.74 (5.35 – 6.67)

5.60 (5.22 – 6.09)

0.010

5.78(5.30 – 7.05)

5.49 (5.12 – 5.99)

< .001

Serum uric acid (μmol/L)

447.52 ± 122.56

331.80 ± 81.34

< .001

363.21 ± 94.01

253.06 ± 64.66

< .001

TG (mmol/L)

1.41 (1.10 – 2.07)

1.22 (0.86 – 1.88)

0.006

1.86 (1.30 – 2.55)

1.24 (0.89 – 1.88)

< .001

HDL-C (mmol/L)

1.21 ± 0.27

1.41 ± 0.42

< .001

1.35 ± 0.41

1.41 ± 0.34

0.018

TG/HDL-C

1.19 (0.80 – 2.11)

0.91 (0.57 – 1.57)

< .001

1.42 (0.92 – 2.24)

0.92 (0.59 – 1.51)

< .001

SBP (mmHg)

161.58 ± 26.32

143.36 ± 22.43

< .001

154.16 ± 26.14

139.79 ± 23.87

< .001

DBP (mmHg)

89.01 ± 16.20

83.69 ± 11.71

0.003

82.57 ± 14.77

80.52 ± 11.41

0.088

Height (cm)

164.08 ± 5.56

166.46 ± 6.35

< .001

152.91 ± 5.91

155.69 ± 6.06

< .001

Weight (kg)

68.52 ± 12.06

68.61 ± 11.10

0.940

58.08 ± 10.64

60.33 ± 10.11

0.006

BMI (kg/m2)

25.36 ± 3.65

24.72 ± 3.54

0.091

24.77 ± 3.95

24.86 ± 3.76

0.778

WC (cm)

87.05 ± 10.36

83.74 ± 9.75

0.003

84.07 ± 10.37

81.20 ± 9.71

< .001

WHtR

0.53 ± 0.06

0.50 ± 0.06

< .001

0.55 ± 0.07

0.52 ± 0.06

< .001

hypertension (%)

74 (82.2)

2818 (53.5)

< .001

120 (77.4)

2907 (47.9)

< .001

diabetes (%)

22 (24.4)

508 (9.6)

< .001

41 (26.5)

629 (10.4)

< .001

Anti-hypertensive drug (%)

50 (55.6)

641 (12.2)

< .001

73 (47.1)

989 (16.3)

< .001

Anti-diabetic drug (%)

13 (14.4)

148 (2.5)

< .001

20 (12.9)

278 (4.6)

< .001

Lipid-lowering drug (%)

7 (7.8)

159 (3.0)

0.021

12 (7.7)

202 (3.3)

0.003

history of CVD (%)

46 (51.1)

781 (14.8)

< .001

62 (40.0)

1092 (18.0)

< .001

history of kidney disease

5 (5.6)

60 (1.1)

< .001

11 (7.1)

77 (1.3)

< .001

eGFR (ml/min per 1.73m2)

54.81 (46.46 – 57.67)

95.44 (87.00 – 103.44)

< .001

52.90 (46.89 – 57.47)

93.23 (82.89 – 103.29)

< .001

LAP (cm·mmol/L)

31.88 (18.63 – 51.35)

21.79 (10.62 – 43.35)

0.001

44.94 (26.00 – 77.56)

27.84 (16.00 – 50.25)

< .001

VAI

1.51 (1.00 – 2.60)

1.12 (0.68 – 1.98)

< .001

2.68 (1.78 – 4.17)

1.67 (1.06 – 2.78)

< .001

CMI

0.62 (0.41 – 1.10)

0.45 (0.27 – 0.82)

< .001

0.81 (0.49 – 1.26)

0.47 (0.29 – 0.81)

< .001

  1. Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation(SD) or median (interquartile range) and numbers (percentage) as appropriate. Income level: family annual income; CNY Chinese currency (1CNY = 0.15 USD), SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, FPG fasting plasma glucose, CVD cardiovascular disease, includes coronary heart disease, arrhythmia, heart failure, and stroke; Kidney disease: includes nephritis, kidney dysfunction, renal stones, renal tumor, and autoimmune kidney disease. Body mass index; WC waist circumference, WHtR waist-to-height ratio, TG triglyceride, HDL-C high density lipoprotein cholesterol, TG/HDL-C triglyceride to high density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, eGFR estimated glomerular infiltration rate, LAP lipid accumulation product, VAI visceral adiposity index, CMI cardiometabolic index
  2. *Comparisons of category variables between groups were tested by chi-square test or rank-sum test (ordinal category variables) and comparisons for continuous variables between groups were tested by Student’s t or Mann-Whitney test