Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study patients
From: Systolic and diastolic dysfunction affects kidney outcomes in hospitalized patients
Variable | Total (n = 1327) | Non-AKI (n = 1117) | AKI (n = 210) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (year) | 66.2 ± 13.4 | 66.1 ± 0.4 | 66.9 ± 1.1 | 0.104 |
Men (%) | 52.4 | 52.8 | 50.0 | 0.453 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 24.2 ± 3.7 | 24.3 ± 0.1 | 23.2 ± 0.3 | < 0.001 |
Systolic BP (mmHg) | 129.5 ± 20.0 | 130.3 ± 0.6 | 125.5 ± 1.6 | 0.001 |
Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 73.6 ± 12.7 | 74.3 ± 0.4 | 70.3 ± 1.0 | < 0.001 |
Comorbidities (%) | ||||
Hypertension | 42.0 | 40.5 | 50.0 | 0.010 |
Diabetes mellitus | 32.4 | 28.6 | 52.4 | < 0.001 |
Ischemic heart disease | 21.1 | 23.3 | 9.0 | < 0.001 |
Cerebrovascular disease | 6.1 | 6.2 | 5.7 | 0.797 |
Heart failure | 2.1 | 1.5 | 5.2 | 0.001 |
Cancer | 31.3 | 29.8 | 39.5 | 0.005 |
Medications (%) | ||||
Alpha blocker | 0.9 | 0.6 | 2.4 | 0.014 |
ACE inhibitor | 5.3 | 4.8 | 7.6 | 0.098 |
ARB | 17.9 | 17.0 | 22.4 | 0.062 |
Beta-blocker | 18.6 | 19.2 | 15.7 | 0.239 |
Calcium channel blocker | 16.5 | 14.8 | 25.7 | < 0.001 |
Diuretics | 14.0 | 9.2 | 4.8 | < 0.001 |
Laboratory findings | ||||
Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 12.2 ± 2.1 | 12.4 ± 0.06 | 10.9 ± 0.1 | < 0.001 |
Albumin (g/dL) | 3.9 ± 0.6 | 3.9 ± 0.02 | 3.5 ± 0.04 | < 0.001 |
Glucose (mg/dL) | 134.3 ± 56.8 | 130.4 ± 1.6 | 149.6 ± 4.8 | < 0.001 |
Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 157.3 ± 41.6 | 160.3 ± 1.2 | 141.6 ± 3.3 | < 0.001 |
eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 82.5 ± 24.1 | 83.0 ± 20.6 | 79.9 ± 37.7 | 0.376 |
Echocardiographic findings | ||||
LVMI (g/m2) | 95.8 ± 26.5 | 95.3 ± 0.8 | 98.5 ± 2.1 | 0.220 |
EF (%) | 61.6 ± 8.8 | 61.9 ± 0.3 | 60.3 ± 0.7 | 0.027 |
E/A | 0.9 ± 0.4 | 0.9 ± 0.01 | 0.9 ± 0.03 | 0.228 |
E/e’ | 10.3 ± 4.9 | 10.1 ± 0.1 | 11.6 ± 0.4 | 0.001 |
RWMA (%) | 8.8 | 8.6 | 10.0 | 0.510 |