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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of activated vitamin D users versus non-users according to status by landmark time, before and after propensity score (PS) matching

From: Assessing the effect of oral activated vitamin D on overall survival in hemodialysis patients: a landmark analysis

 

Entire cohort

 

After PS match

 

Vitamin D users

Non-users

d a

Vitamin D users

Non-users

d a

N (%)

8151 (15.5)

44,606 (84.5)

 

7232 (25.0)

21,696 (75.0)

 

Age, year

58.9 (14.1)

62.5 (13.3)

0.26

60.7 (13.5)

60.8 (13.7)

< 0.01

  < 53

2847 (34.9)

10,949 (24.6)

0.25

1933 (26.7)

5967 (27.5)

0.02

  ≥ 53 and < 64

2128 (26.1)

11,653 (26.1)

 

1932 (26.7)

5728 (26.4)

 

  ≥ 64 and < 73

1749 (21.5)

11,325 (25.4)

 

1776 (24.6)

5123 (23.6)

 

  ≥ 73

1427 (17.5)

10,679 (23.9)

 

1591 (22.0)

4878 (22.5)

 

Gender (male)

3680 (45.2)

22,619 (50.7)

0.11

3540 (48.9)

10,647 (49.7)

< 0.01

Comorbidities

 DM

3327 (40.8)

26,616 (59.7)

0.38

3325 (46.0)

10,032 (46.2)

< 0.01

 CHF

2200 (27.0)

15,195 (34.1)

0.15

2136 (29.5)

6438 (29.7)

< 0.01

 MI

1932 (23.7)

13,868 (31.1)

0.17

1896 (26.2)

5574 (25.7)

0.01

 PVD

259 (3.2)

1509 (3.4)

0.01

242 (3.4)

687 (3.2)

0.01

 CVD

774 (9.5)

7095 (15.9)

0.19

774 (10.7)

2388 (11.0)

0.01

 COPD

14 (0.2)

128 (0.3)

0.02

14 (0.2)

40 (0.2)

< 0.01

 CTD

176 (2.2)

1021 (2.3)

< 0.01

163 (2.3)

498 (2.3)

< 0.01

 PUD

1344 (16.5)

8023 (18.0)

0.04

1252 (17.3)

3605 (16.6)

0.02

 Neoplasia

10 (0.1)

56 (0.1)

< 0.01

9 (0.1)

30 (0.1)

< 0.01

 Chronic liver diseases

1001 (12.3)

5353 (12.0)

< 0.01

917 (12.7)

2643 (12.2)

0.02

 Vascular access type

  

0.15

  

0.06

 AVF

6372 (78.2)

34,240 (76.7)

 

5811 (80.4)

17,145 (79.2)

 

 AVG

617 (7.6)

4308 (9.7)

 

585 (8.1)

1833 (8.5)

 

 Permanent catheter

116 (1.4)

1097 (2.5)

 

110 (1.5)

443 (2.0)

 

 Double lumen catheter

539 (6.6)

3219 (7.2)

 

389 (5.4)

1392 (6.4)

 

 Unknown

507 (6.2)

1742 (3.9)

 

337 (4.7)

883 (4.1)

 

Medications

Antiplateletsb

3929 (48.2)

24,796 (55.6)

0.15

3687 (50.9)

10,900 (50.2)

0.01

 Aspirin / Clopidogrel

2324 (28.5)

15,600 (35.0)

0.14

2189 (30.3)

6567 (30.3)

< 0.01

 Cilostazol

154 (1.9)

1146 (2.6)

0.05

147 (2.0)

440 (2.0)

< 0.01

Warfarin

143 (1.8)

988 (2.2)

0.03

140 (1.9)

387 (1.8)

0.01

Statins

1373 (16.8)

9535 (21.4)

0.12

1303 (18.0)

3820 (17.6)

0.01

Insulin

1615 (19.8)

12,898 (28.9)

0.21

1604 (22.2)

4825 (22.2)

< 0.01

OAD

1812 (22.2)

16,003 (35.9)

0.30

1809 (25.0)

5579 (25.7)

0.02

 Metformin

179 (2.2)

1857 (4.2)

0.11

179 (2.5)

530 (2.4)

< 0.01

 Sulfonylurea

917 (11.3)

8041 (18.0)

0.19

917 (12.7)

2893 (13.3)

0.02

 α-glucosidase inhibitors

148 (1.8)

1478 (3.3)

0.09

148 (2.1)

458 (2.1)

< 0.01

 TZD

81 (1.0)

684 (1.5)

0.05

80 (1.1)

253 (1.2)

< 0.01

 DPP-4 inhibitors

2 (0.02)

5 (0.01)

0.01

0 (0.00)

1 (0.00)

< 0.01

 Meglitinides

485 (6.0)

3938 (8.8)

0.11

485 (6.7)

1444 (6.7)

< 0.01

ACEI / ARB

3972 (48.7)

23,726 (53.2)

0.09

3569 (49.4)

10,730 (49.5)

< 0.01

Beta-blockers

4173 (51.2)

24,243 (54.4)

0.06

3764 (52.1)

11,205 (51.7)

0.01

Diuretics

5737 (70.4)

34,377 (77.1)

0.15

5229 (72.3)

15,793 (72.8)

0.01

ESA

1887 (23.2)

10,133 (22.7)

0.01

1691 (23.4)

5011 (23.1)

0.01

  1. Note:
  2. (1) The landmark time is the 360th day of initiation of hemodialysis
  3. (2) Values for categorical variables are given as numbers (percent); for continuous variables, as means (standard deviation)
  4. Abbreviations: DM diabetes mellitus, CHF congestive heart failure, MI myocardial infarction, PVD peripheral vascular disease, CVD cerebrovascular disease, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, CTD connective tissue disease including rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, etc, PUD peptic ulcer disease; Chronic liver diseases: chronic viral hepatitis, cirrhosis and its complications, AVF arteriovenous fistula, AVG arteriovenous graft, PS propensity score, OAD oral antidiabetic drugs, TZD thiazolidinediones, DPP-4 inhibitors dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors, ACEI / ARB angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin II receptor blockers, ESA erythropoiesis-stimulating agents
  5. aStandardized difference (d): statistically significantly different between two comparison groups if d > 0.10
  6. bAntiplatelets included aspirin, clopidogrel, cilostazol, dipyridamole and ticlopidine
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BMC Nephrology

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