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Table 1 Baseline clinical characteristics of patients grouped by the presence of albuminuria

From: Association of kidney disease measures with risk of renal function worsening in patients with type 1 diabetes

 

All

Normoalbuminuria

Microalbuminuria

Macroalbuminuria

p

n = 4284

n = 3630

n = 557

n = 97

Male sex

2432 (56.8%)

2009 (55.3%)

363 (65.2%)

60 (61.9%)

< 0.001

Age (years)

45 ± 14

44 ± 14

47 ± 14

48 ± 12

0.006

Known duration of diabetes (years)

18 ± 12

17 ± 12

20 ± 12

25 ± 11

< 0.001

BMI (Kg/m2)

24.5 ± 3.6

24.4 ± 3.5

25.0 ± 3.7

25.4 ± 3.8

0.003

Serum creatinine (mg/dL)

0.84 ± 0.17

0.84 ± 0.16

0.86 ± 0.17

0.91 ± 0.21

< 0.001

eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2)

98 ± 17

99 ± 17

96 ± 16

91 ± 18

< 0.001

Serum uric acid (mg/dL)

3.9 ± 1.4

3.8 ± 1.4

4.2 ± 1.2

4.6 ± 1.2

< 0.001

Serum uric acid in the top quintile

447 (18.3%)

361 (17.0%)

65 (24.5%)

21 (40.4%)

< 0.001

HbA1c (%)

7.8 ± 1.4

7.7 ± 1.4

8.0 ± 1.4

8.3 ± 1.4

< 0.001

HbA1c ≥ 7%

3071 (71.7%)

2555 (70.4%)

435 (78.1%)

81 (83.5%)

0.001

Total cholesterol (mg/dL)

190 ± 36

189 ± 35

188 ± 38

205 ± 42

< 0.001

Triglycerides (mg/dL)

87 ± 79

85 ± 81

97 ± 64

117 ± 70

< 0.001

Triglycerides ≥150 mg/dl

360 (8.4%)

275 (7.6%)

65 (11.7%)

20 (20.6%)

< 0.001

HDL (mg/dL)

62 ± 18

62 ± 18

60 ± 19

61 ± 17

0.089

HDL < 40 M <50F mg/dL

501 (11.7%)

408 (11.2%)

80 (14.4%)

13 (13.4%)

0.208

LDL (mg/dL)

110 ± 31

110 ± 31

109 ± 32

121 ± 35

0.001

LDL ≥100 mg/dL

2638 (61.6%)

2244 (61.8%)

324 (58.2%)

70 (72.2%)

0.012

Systolic BP (mmHg)

126 ± 17

125 ± 17

130 ± 19

137 ± 22

< 0.001

Diastolic BP (mmHg)

76 ± 9

75 ± 9

77 ± 9

80 ± 11

< 0.001

BP ≥ 140/85 mmHg

1310 (30.6%)

1039 (28.6%)

218 (39.1%)

53 (54.6%)

< 0.001

Non-proliferative retinopathy

925 (21.6%)

744 (20.5%)

149 (26.8%)

32 (33.0%)

0.018

Proliferative retinopathy

321 (7.5%)

232 (6.4%)

72 (12.9%)

17 (17.5%)

< 0.001

Smokers

602 (27.9%)

515 (27.3%)

72 (31.6%)

15 (38.5%)

0.119

Lipid-lowering treatment

861 (20.1%)

664 (18.3%)

162 (29.1%)

35 (36.1%)

< 0.001

Treatment with statins

822 (19.2%)

638 (17.6%)

153 (27.5%)

31 (32.0%)

< 0.001

Treatment with fibrates

19 (0.4%)

13 (0.4%)

4 (0.7%)

2 (2.1%)

0.045

Antihypertensive treatment

1102 (25.7%)

779 (21.5%)

249 (44.7%)

74 (76.3%)

< 0.001

Treatment with ACE-Is/ARBs

1001 (23.4%)

699 (19.3%)

231 (41.5%)

71 (73.2%)

< 0.001

Aspirin

425 (9.9%)

310 (8.5%)

93 (16.7%)

22 (22.7%)

< 0.001

Insulin pump

304 (7.1%)

269 (7.4%)

29 (5.2%)

6 (6.2%)

0.563

  1. Mean ± SD or absolute frequency (percentage). BMI body mass index, BP blood pressure, HbA1c glycated haemoglobin, HDL high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, ACE-Is angiotensin converting enzyme-inhibitors, ARBs angiotensin II receptor antagonists. Patients’ baseline missing data: BMI in 176 (4.1%), serum uric acid in 1847 (43.1%), total cholesterol in 58 (1.4%), and smoking status in 2128 (49.7%). Serum uric acid the top gender-specific quintile: ≥4.0 mg/dL for females and ≥ 5.1 mg/dL for males. The p value refers to overall statistical significance of a mixed logistic regression model for categorical variables or mixed linear regression model for continuous variables with microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria as covariate
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BMC Nephrology

ISSN: 1471-2369

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