Table 2 The evidence of the four differential proteins on IgAN or kidney injury in tissue level, body fluid level and functional level

ADIPOQ

serum ↑

urinary↑ [35]

radio-immunity analysis

1. an adipocyte-specific plasma protein

2. accumulates in the injured kidney, modulating inflammation and oxidative stress. [25, 26]

3. induces kidney apoptosis in Ischemia-reperfusion injury [27].

SERPINC1

capillary walls of the glomeruli [24]

immunofluorescence

urinary↑

[10, 24]

Laurell rocket immunoelectrophoresis; iTRAQ quantification

1. Serine protease inhibitors in plasma that inhibits the blood coagulation cascade.

ICAM1

The tubular and interstitial expression [30]

avidin-biotin-peroxidase

1. a member of ligands for the leukocyte adhesion protein LFA-1 (integrin alpha-L/beta-2).

2. Increases in acute renal allograft rejection [31], chronic kidney disease (CKD) [32] and lupus nephritis [33, 34] in urine.

TIMP1

1. A positive regulator of ECMs in the mesangium.

2. Elevated in acute kidney injury (AKI) after liver transplantation [28]

3. Overexpressed in the kidney tissue of diabetic nephropathy rats [29].