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Table 4 Association of social worker-assessed psychosocial factors with hospital readmissions among prevalent hemodialysis patients, 2010–2014

From: Association of social worker-assessed psychosocial factors with 30-day hospital readmissions among hemodialysis patients

Psychosocial domain/factor

No. (%) readmitted within 30 days

OR (95% CI) for readmission

Unadjusted

Adjusted*

Mental health

 History of substance abuse

  Overall

147/680 (21.6%)

  No

125/590 (21.2%)

1.00 (referent)

1.00 (referent)

  Yes

22/90 (24.4%)

1.20 (0.72–2.02)

1.29 (0.75–2.23)

 Depression or anxiety

  Overall

145/666 (21.8%)

  No

124/552 (22.5%)

1.00 (referent)

1.00 (referent)

  Yes

21/114 (18.4%)

0.78 (0.47–1.30)

0.80 (0.47–1.36)

Social support

 Marital status

  Overall

151/686 (22.0%)

  Married/domestic partner

40/213 (18.8%)

1.00 (referent)

1.00 (referent)

  Never married

59/239 (24.7%)

1.42 (0.90–2.23)

1.38 (0.84–2.27)

  Widowed/divorced/separated

52/234 (22.2%)

1.24 (0.79–1.96)

1.17 (0.73–1.90)

 Lives alone

  Overall

150/688 (21.8%)

  No

116/538 (21.6%)

1.00 (referent)

1.00 (referent)

  Yes

34/150 (22.7%)

1.07 (0.69–1.65)

1.16 (0.74–1.81)

 Frequency of social support

  Overall

148/673 (22.0%)

  Daily

100/469 (21.3%)

1.00 (referent)

1.00 (referent)

  Not daily

48/204 (23.5%)

1.14 (0.77–1.68)

1.14 (0.76–1.70)

Independence

 Impaired memory

  Overall

145/678 (21.4%)

  No

126/572 (22.0%)

1.00 (referent)

1.00 (referent)

  Yes

19/106 (17.9%)

0.77 (0.45–1.32)

0.76 (0.44–1.32)

 Employment status

  Overall

116/542 (21.4%)

  Unemployed

43/185 (23.2%)

1.00 (referent)

1.00 (referent)

  Disabled

67/314 (21.3%)

0.90 (0.58–1.38)

0.80 (0.49–1.32)

  Employed

6/43 (14.0%)

0.54 (0.21–1.35)

0.54 (0.20–1.45)

 Type of Housing

  Overall

148/678 (21.8%)

  Community-dwelling

135/623 (21.7%)

1.00 (referent)

1.00 (referent)

  Assisted living/nursing home

13/55 (23.6%)

1.12 (0.58–2.14)

1.07 (0.52–2.17)

 Ambulatory assistance

  Overall

147/683 (21.8%)

  No

92/405 (22.7%)

1.00 (referent)

1.00 (referent)

  Yes

55/278 (19.8%)

0.84 (0.58–1.22)

0.75 (0.48–1.16)

Ease of adherence

 Coming to dialysis

  Overall

114/517 (22.1%)

  Easy

92/397 (23.2%)

1.00 (referent)

1.00 (referent)

  Difficult

22/120 (18.3%)

0.74 (0.44–1.25)

0.75 (0.44–1.27)

 Completing dialysis

  Overall

112/513 (21.8%)

  Easy

85/387 (22.0%)

1.00 (referent)

1.00 (referent)

  Difficult

27/126 (21.4%)

0.97 (0.59–1.58)

0.98 (0.59–1.62)

 Taking medications

  Overall

118/527 (22.4%)

  Easy

98/441 (22.2%)

1.00 (referent)

1.00 (referent)

  Difficult

20/86 (23.3%)

1.06 (0.61–1.84)

1.04 (0.59–1.82)

 Adhering to diet restrictions

  Overall

115/523 (22.0%)

  Easy

69/332 (20.8%)

1.00 (referent)

1.00 (referent)

  Difficult

46/191 (24.1%)

1.21 (0.79–1.85)

1.20 (0.78–1.85)

 Adhering to fluid restrictions

  Overall

115/519 (22.2%)

  Easy

75/358 (21.0%)

1.00 (referent)

1.00 (referent)

  Difficult

40/161 (24.8%)

1.25 (0.80–1.93)

1.22 (0.78–1.92)

  1. *Adjusted for age, sex, race, duration of ESRD, history of diabetes, congestive heart failure, and atherosclerotic diseases, index admission length of stay, and intensive care utilization during index admission