Relationship between caffeine intake and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease progression: a retrospective analysis using the CRISP cohort

Table 3 Cox Regression model with caffeine (any vs. none)

Risk Factor	Estimate	P-value	Hazard Ratio (HR) (95% CI for HR)
Age	0.079	< 0.001	1.083 (1.034, 1.133)
Sex (Male)	0.175	0.583	1.191 (0.638, 2.224)
Race (White)	− 1.030	0.069	0.357 (0.117, 1.085)
BMI	0.047	0.131	1.048 (0.986, 1.114)
Smoke (Yes)	1.042	0.017	2.836 (1.204, 6.683)
Hypertension (Yes)	1.528	0.003	4.611 (1.711, 12.426)
Gene type^a
PKD1 + no truncation	0.375	0.273	1.455 (0.745, 2.841)
PKD2 + NMD	−1.636	0.010	0.195 (0.057, 0.672)
Caffeine (Any)	−0.587	0.096	0.556 (0.279, 1.110)

^aReference group: PKD1 + truncation. NMD refers to no mutation detected in the genetic analysis

ISSN: 1471-2369