Table 3 Secondary study outcome measures Patient reported outcomes
C-DIRECT | Control | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | Baseline | Follow up | Mean diff | Baseline | Follow up | Mean Diff |
M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | |
Problem Areas in Diabetes Scale | 28.00 (21.10) | 26.00 (21.72) | −2.00 (16.65) | 19.01 (14.71) | 23.85 (24.34) | 4.84 (20.87) |
Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale | ||||||
Anxiety | 3.45 (3.98) | 4.10 (3.04) | 0.65 (4.12) | 2.83 (3.07) | 3.50 (3.35) | 0.67 (2.04) |
Depression | 5.30 (4.12) | 5.30 (4.22) | 0 (3.77) ^ | 3.65 (2.98) | 4.22 (3.88) | 0.57 (3.07) ^ |
Kidney Disease Related Quality of Life | ||||||
Physical Functioning | 32.84 (10.38) | 35.00 (11.99) | 2.15 (8.30) | 34.63 (12.14) | 37.86 (10.94) | 3.22 (12.87) |
Role Limitation due to Physical Health | 39.90 (12.58) | 48.19 (9.03) | 8.29 (11.34) *# | 44.89 (10.75) | 45.85 (10.16) | 0.96 (9.11) *# |
Bodily Pain | 44.70 (15.81) | 46.74 (13.01) | 2.04 (13.06) | 48.10 (11.61) | 47.25 (15.32) | 0.85 (13.07) |
General Health | 30.73 (9.19) | 33.96 (6.45) | 3.14 (8.64) ^ | 33.69 (7.66) | 34.59 (8.98) | 0.90 (10.01) ^ |
Emotional Wellbeing | 52.59 (12.10) | 51.62 (13.17) | −0.98 (15.63) ^ | 54.79 (12.30) | 49.06 (16.02) | −5.73 (15.68) ^ |
Role Emotional | 42.66 (16.16) | 44.62 (10.65) | 1.96 (15.21) | 50.49 (7.56) | 46.29 (12.80) | −4.19 (13.22) |
Social Functioning | 46.97 (13.30) | 47.99 (12.81) | 1.01 (13.86) | 52.36 (8.38) | 49.84 (11.79) | −2.52 (8.02) |
Energy | 42.92 (10.74) | 48.15 (11.82) | 5.23 (15.52) | 47.75 (10.35) | 50.43 (13.78) | 2.68 (14.76) |
Physical Composite Summary | 33.34 (9.95) | 38.60 (8.41) | 5.26 (6.58) * | 33.00 (15.33) | 36.47 (15.18) | 3.46 (7.78) * |
Mental Composite Summary | 51.60 (11.87) | 51.72 (12.39) | 0.11 (13.19) | 63.37 (31.17) | 60.15 (32.13) | −3.22 (10.79) |
Symptom List | 75.42 (15.98) | 76.82 (17.52) | 1.40 (17.71) | 80.82 (16.29) | 79.62 (18.20) | −1.20 (17.50) |
Effects of Kidney Disease | 81.55 (17.90) | 80.89 (18.55) | −0.65 (22.66) | 87.50 (12.01) | 78.57 (22.24) | −8.93 (22.98) |
Burden of Kidney Disease | 27.19 (20.10) | 38.75 (26.02) | 11.56 (27.45) * | 40.36 (28.25) | 45.57 (35.67) | 5.21 (24.50) * |
Cognitive Function | 80.67 (23.68) | 81.33 (20.24) | 0.67 (16.32) ^ | 82.50 (19.24) | 80.97 (26.29) | −1.53 (24.87) ^ |
Quality of Social Interaction | 82.00 (19.36) | 86.00 (19.09) | 4.00 (19.75) | 84.44 (25.23) | 82.64 (18.88) | −1.81 (25.73) |
Sleep | 67.25 (17.11) | 69.13 (16.21) | 1.88 (19.55) | 62.29 (16.33) | 53.85 (22.55) | −8.44 (18.98 |
Social Support | 80.00 (19.94) | 67.50 (24.47) | −12.50 (16.99) * | 81.94 (30.26) | 79.86 (24.56) | − 2.08 (28.37) * |
Dialysis Staff Encouragement | 81.25 (25.81) | 81.25 (20.88) | 0 (18.14) ^ | 90.63 (18.15) | 89.58 (15.49) | −1.04 (22.40) ^ |
Patient Satisfaction | 60.00 (19.04) | 65.00 (24.72) | 5.00 (18.81) | 56.25 (16.89) | 63.20 (19.64) | 6.95 (18.33) |
Kidney Disease Component Summary | 67.57 (11.54) | 68.37 (14.98) | 0.80 (9.30) ^ | 72.92 (8.81) | 72.73 (12.39) | −0.18 (13.12) ^ |
Dialysis Diet and Fluid Non-Adherence Questionnaire | ||||||
Diet | 4.65 (7.01) | 10.05 (11.95) | 5.40 (11.07) | 4.83 (7.38) | 7.58 (10.86) | 2.75 (12.18) |
Fluid | 7.45 (11.45) | 7.55 (10.12) | 0.10 (7.93) | 5.17 (8.18) | 8.00 (10.97) | 2.83 (9.80) |
Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities Assessment | ||||||
General Diet | 5.03 (2.28) | 3.93 (2.84) | −1.10 (2.41) | 5.17 (2.19) | 4.50 (2.52) | −0.67 (2.46) |
Specific Diet | 4.23 (2.04) | 4.43 (1.37) | 0.20 (1.74) | 4.52 (1.27) | 4.33 (1.07) | −0.19 (1.64) |
Exercise | 2.55 (2.47) | 3.40 (1.92) | 0.85 (1.89) | 2.52 (2.21) | 2.85 (2.09) | 0.33 (1.79) |
Blood Sugar Taking | 2.64 (2.51) | 2.56 (2.63) | −0.08 (2.05) | 2.31 (2.19) | 2.98 (2.39) | 0.67 (1.35) |
Foot Care | 2.68 (2.46) | 3.26 (2.63) | 0.58 (2.55) | 3.10 (2.57) | 3.33 (2.71) | 0.23 (2.77) |
Diabetes Self-Efficacy Scale Total | 7.11 (1.78) | 7.14 (1.67) | 0.03 (1.23) | 7.76 (1.71) | 7.71 (1.99) | −0.06 (1.14) |
Health Education Impact Questionnaire | ||||||
Positive and Active Engagement in Life | 2.81 (0.49) | 3.08 (0.55) | 0.28 (0.51) | 2.85 (0.55) | 2.88 (0.70) | 0.03 (0.55) |
Health Directed Behaviour | 2.80 (0.73) | 2.97 (0.63) | 0.16 (0.59) | 2.84 (0.72) | 2.90 (0.61) | 0.05 (0.68) |
Skills and Techniques Acquisition | 3.03 (0.35) | 3.14 (0.43) | 0.11 (0.47) | 2.99 (0.49) | 3.12 (0.59) | 0.14 (0.54) |
Constructive Attitudes and Approaches | 2.93 (0.54) | 3.17 (0.40) | 0.24 (0.62) ^ | 3.08 (0.50) | 3.26 (0.64) | 0.18 (0.48) ^ |
Self-Monitoring and Insight | 3.16 (0.30) | 3.39 (0.38) | 0.23 (0.39) * | 3.10 (0.28) | 3.36 (0.34) | 0.26 (0.35) * |
Health Service Navigation | 3.17 (0.40) | 3.28 (0.44) | 0.11 (0.52) | 3.23 (0.42) | 3.44 (0.48) | 0.22 (0.35) |
Social Integration and Support | 2.83 (0.41) | 3.13 (0.62) | 0.30 (0.71) | 3.00 (0.54) | 3.18 (0.61) | 0.19 (0.48) |
Emotional Wellbeing | 2.33 (0.73) | 2.38 (0.72) | 0.04 (0.95) | 2.22 (0.63) | 2.15 (0.74) | −0.08 (0.60) |