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Table 1 Baseline clinical data and outcomesa

From: Impact of thyroid function on cystatin C in detecting acute kidney injury: a prospective, observational study

Characteristics

Non-AKI (n = 937)

AKI (n = 402)

P value

Demographic variables

 Age, years

52.0 (40.2–62.3)

61.0 (47.0–71.0)

< 0.001

 Male sex, n (%)

475 (50.7)

233 (58.0)

0.017

 BMI, kg/m2

22.19 (20.70–23.44)

22.16 (20.57–23.11)

0.477

Preexisting clinical conditions

 Hypertension, n (%)

113 (12.1)

123 (30.6)

< 0.001

 DM, n (%)

41 (4.4)

62 (15.4)

< 0.001

 CKD, n (%)

16 (1.7)

51 (12.7)

< 0.001

 CAD, n (%)

17 (1.8)

27 (6.7)

< 0.001

 Stroke, n (%)

93 (9.9)

93 (23.1)

< 0.001

 CHF, n (%)

10 (1.1)

25 (6.2)

< 0.001

 Malignancy, n (%)

113 (12.1)

64 (15.9)

0.064

 COPD, n (%)

15 (1.6)

13 (3.2)

0.062

 Chronic Liver disease, n (%)

4 (0.4)

8 (2.0)

0.009

Sepsis, n (%)

76 (8.1)

133 (33.1)

< 0.001

Admission type, n (%)

  

< 0.001

 Elective surgical, n (%)

821 (87.6)

236 (58.7)

 

 Emergency surgical, n (%)

51 (5.4)

69 (17.2)

 

 Medical, n (%)

65 (6.9)

97 (24.1)

 

Baseline serum creatinine, mg/dl

0.69 (0.58–0.82)

0.70 (0.57–0.94)

0.053

Baseline eGFR, ml/minute/1.73 m2

104.58 (93.69–115.48)

98.53 (79.57–112.31)

< 0.001

Serum creatinine at admission, mg/dl

0.76 (0.64–0.92)

1.02 (0.77–1.39)

< 0.001

Cys C at admission, mg/L

0.74 (0.59–0.91)

1.04 (0.77–1.51)

< 0.001

BUN at admission,mg/dl

11.09 (8.88–13.73)

15.13 (10.50–26.05)

< 0.001

Albumin at admission, g/L

31.70 (28.00–35.00)

30.50 (25.85–34.74)

< 0.001

Thyroid function at admission

 FT3 (pmol/L)

3.88 (3.39–4.32)

3.52 (2.86–4.04)

< 0.001

 TT3 (nmol/L)

0.99 (0.81–1.18)

0.81 (0.58–1.05)

0.001

 FT4 (pmol/L)

13.37 (11.38–15.43)

13.16 (10.86–15.66)

0.436

 TT4 (nmol/L)

99.80 (84.30–114.53)

93.80 (71.58–110.82)

< 0.001

 TSH (μIU/L)

1.36 (0.72–2.37)

0.92 (0.52–1.86)

< 0.001

Low T3 syndrome at admission, n (%)

404 (43.1)

246 (61.2)

< 0.001

APACHE II score

9 (7–13)

15 (10–24)

< 0.001

UP, ml/kg/h

2.12 (1.61–2.80)

2.00 (1.39–2.78)

0.008

Outcomes

 Length of ICU stay, days

2 (2–4)

4 (2–9)

< 0.001

 Length of hospital stay, days

15 (12–21)

18 (13–28)

< 0.001

 RRT during ICU stay, n (%)

3 (0.3)

17 (4.2)

< 0.001

 ICU mortality, n (%)

7 (0.7)

34 (8.5)

< 0.001

 In-hospital mortality, n (%)

8 (0.9)

39 (9.7)

< 0.001

  1. aThe non-normally distributed continuous variables are expressed as median (25th percentile to 75th percentile [interquartile range]). Categorical variables are expressed as n (%). APACHE II Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation score, AKI acute kidney injury, BMI body mass index, BUN blood urea nitrogen, CKD chronic kidney disease, defined as baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2, Cys C cystatin C, DM diabetes mellitus, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, FT3 free triiodothyronine, FT4 free thyroxine, ICU intensive care unit, RRT renal replacement therapy, TSH thyroid-stimulating-hormone, TT3 total triiodothyronine, TT4 total thyroxine, UP urine production first 24 h after admission. P value for global comparisons among groups by t or Kruskal-Wallis test, and chi-square test for continuous and categorical variables, respectively