Insulin resistance and chronic kidney disease progression, cardiovascular events, and death: findings from the chronic renal insufficiency cohort study

Table 5 Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios of renal and atherosclerotic cardiovascular composite endpoints and all-cause mortality per 1 SD increase in HOMA-IR and other markers of carbohydrate metabolism among CRIC participants without diabetes at baseline

	Model 1^b		Model 2^b		Model 3^b
	HR^a	95% CI	HR^a	95% CI	HR*	95% CI
Event: Composite Renal Endpoint (ESRD/Halving of eGFR)
HOMA-IR	0.97	0.89–1.07	1.01	0.90–1.12	1.01	0.90–1.14
Glucose	0.93	0.85–1.03	0.94	0.85–1.04	0.88	0.79–0.98
HbA1c	0.98	0.89–1.07	1.00	0.90–1.10	0.94	0.85–1.04
C-peptide	1.32	1.20–1.44	1.16	1.03–1.31	1.02	0.90–1.17
Event: Composite Atherosclerotic CVD Endpoint (MI/PAD/stroke)
HOMA-IR	1.04	0.91–1.19	1.04	0.89–1.22	1.00	0.85–1.19
Glucose	1.04	0.91–1.20	1.06	0.91–1.23	1.05	0.90–1.23
HbA1c	1.22	1.07–1.39	1.22	1.06–1.40	1.16	1.00–1.34
C-peptide	1.17	1.02–1.34	1.07	0.89–1.29	1.02	0.84–1.24
Event: All-Cause Mortality
HOMA-IR	0.94	0.85–1.05	1.01	0.89–1.14	0.98	0.86–1.12
Glucose	0.96	0.87–1.07	0.99	0.89–1.11	0.99	0.88–1.11
HbA1c	1.03	0.93–1.14	1.05	0.94–1.17	0.99	0.88–1.10
C-peptide	1.18	1.06–1.31	1.16	1.01–1.33	1.09	0.94–1.27

Abbreviations: CI – confidence interval, CVD – cardiovascular disease, eGFR – estimated glomerular filtration rate, ESRD – end-stage renal disease, HbA1c – glycosylated hemoglobin, HOMA-IR – homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance, HR – hazard ratio, MI – myocardial infarction, PAD – peripheral arterial disease
^aPer 1 standard deviation increase
Model 1 includes adjustment for age, sex, race, ethnicity, level of education, and clinical center
Model 2 includes adjustment for variables in Model 1 plus body mass index, waist circumference, smoking status, systolic BP, ACEi/ARB use, HDL, LDL, triglycerides, high sensitivity CRP, fat-free mass, eGFR, hemoglobin, physical activity
Model 3 includes adjustment for variables in Model 2 plus use of statins, use of other lipid-lowering medications, history of CVD, 24-h urine protein, FGF-23, uric acid, serum albumin
^bSample sizes: Model 1 (N = 1882), Model 2 (N = 1806), Model 3 (N = 1706)

ISSN: 1471-2369