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Table 2 Causes of anemia

From: Post renal transplant anemia: severity, causes and their association with graft and patient survival

Causes

Patients n (% of anemic patients)

Events n (% of anemia events)

Nutritional deficiencies

 Iron deficiency

143 (34.7)

157 (31.4)

 Vitamin B12

98 (23.8)

105 (21)

 Folic acid

41 (9.9)

43 (8.6)

 Acute rejection

17 (4.1)

22 (4.4)

 Acute kidney injury

47 (11.4)

48 (9.6)

Infection

 Urinary tract infection

32 (7.8)

33 (6.6)

 Pulmonarya

11 (2.7)

11 (2.2)

 Skinb

11 (2.7)

11 (2.2)

 Miscellaneousc

11 (2.7)

11 (2.2)

 BK Virus

26 (6.3)

31 (6.2)

 CMV viremia

16 (3.9)

16 (3.2)

 Herpes zoster

4 (1)

4 (0.8)

 B19 Parvovirus

1 (0.2)

1 (0.2)

Hematological

12 (2.9)

15 (3)

 Thalassemia trait

5 (1.2)

6 (1.2)

 PTLD

2 (0.5)

3 (0.6)

 Miscellaneousd

5 (1.2)

6 (1.2)

Bleeding

39 (9.5)

39 (7.8)

 Peri-procedural

20 (4.8)

20 (4)

 Monthly menstruation

11 (2.7)

11 (2.2)

 Miscellaneouse

8 (1.9)

8 (1.6)

  1. aPneumonia, viral pneumonitis, upper respiratory tract infection
  2. bCellulitis, diabetic foot, herpes zoster
  3. cGastroenteritis (bacterial and viral, including CDT infection), osteomyelitis, arthritis, endocarditis, meningitis, sinusitis, cholangitis, intra-abdominal abscess, fungal cutaneous infection and fever of unknown origin
  4. dMyelodysplastic syndrome, plasma cell disease (multiple myeloma), myeloproliferative disorder (myelofibrosis), myelophthisis (renal cell carcinoma metastasized to bone marrow) and exacerbation of a known ITP with an effect on the erythrocytic lineage
  5. eHemoptysis, traumatic bleeding after a fall, retro-peritoneal bleeding, macro-hematuria, GI bleeding
  6. Abbreviations: CMV Cytomegalovirus, PTLD Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder