Table 1 Overview of articles includes

Abe 2016 [24]

HD (103.2 ± 103.2)

122 (52.5)

68.0 ± 9.0

21.0 ± 3.7

>  3 months HD

NA

10 m

FS*

Max

Blake 2004 [46]

CG

HD + PD ([4–25])

12 (58.3)

7 + 5 (58.3)

42.0 ± 9.7

42.0 ± 8.5

24.8 ± 2.5

25.8 ± 3.7

High functioning

>  3 months HD

Age, Sex

10 m

SND

Norm

Max

Bohannon 1994 [25]

CG

HD + PD ([0–90]) + CKD

26 (ND)

7 + 17 + 2 (73.1)

44.5 ± 10.3

44.0 ± 9.8

171.0 ± 8.5 cm /

78.8 ± 15.0 kg

171.6 ± 9.5 cm /

80.7 ± 17.0 kg

Transplant candidate

Age, sex, size

20 ft.

FS*

Norm

Bohannon 1995 [26]

HD (16.3) + PD (12.3) + CKD

53 + 38 + 20 (69.1)

45.1 ± 11.6

171.9 ± 9.5 cm /

77.6 ± 18.0 kg

Transplant candidate

NA

20 ft.

FS

Norm

Bohannon 1997 [51]

CKD

21 (57.1)

42 [21–58]

ND

Transplant candidate

NA

20 ft.

FS*

Norm

Max

Broers 2015 [27]

HD + PD (ND)

35 + 12 (63.8)

64.8 ± 16.5

M (28.1 ± 4.2)

W (25.2 ± 5.6)

>  1 months HD/PD

NA

4 m

SS

Norm

Broers 2017 [28]

CG

CKD 5

HD / PD (43.2 ± 38.4)

HD / PD (6.0 ± 0.0)

20 (65.0)

44 (75.0)

21 + 8 (69.0)

44 (75.0)

59.7 ± 14.1

61.3 ± 12.0

58.2 ± 14.7

ND

24.9 ± 3.4

26.0 ± 4.1

28.1 ± 4.4

25.9 [22.8–28.4]

>  12 months

6 months HD/PD

ND

4 m

SS

Norm

Cappy 1999 [52]

HD (58.8 ± 67.2)

16 (62.5)

53.9 ± 15.0

ND

None

NA

28 ft.

SND

Norm

Max

Chang 2017 [47]

HD (68.7 ± 49.5)

HD (49.8 ± 41.7)

21 (61.9)

25 (68.0)

54.2 ± 15.2

54.6 ± 12.7

ND

ND

None

NA

6 m

SS

Norm

Gordon 2012 [29]

CKD 3–4

13 + 13 (92.3)

61.0 ± 13.0

29.9 ± 6.5

None

NA

20 ft.

FS

Norm

Max

Headley 2002 [53]

HD (41.6 ± 19.0)

Measured twice in 6 weeks

10 (70.0)

42.8 ± 4.4

30.3 ± 5.2

None

NA

20 ft.

FS

Norm

Max

Hiraki 2013 [30]

CKD 2

CKD 3

CKD 4

CKD 5

17 (76.5)

55 (76.4)

25 (68.0)

23 (56.5)

62.4 ± 11.3

66.2 ± 9.9

69.0 ± 9.4

67.6 ± 11.6

24.3 ± 3.2

23.8 ± 3.1

23.1 ± 4.1

22.6 ± 3.0

None

ND

10 m

FS*

Max

Jeong 2015 [31]

HD with LVDD

HD without LVDD

Tot (42.9 ± 37.9)

17 (42.5)

31 (73.8)

48 (58.5)

53.7 ± 12.4

55.2 ± 11.8

54.5 ± 12.0

33.5 ± 7.6

29.5 ± 6.3

31.5 ± 7.2

>  3 months HD

ND

10 m

SS

Norm

Jin 2017 [18]

HD diabetic (54.3 ± 49.6)

HD no diabetic (81.6 ± 79.1)

35 (68.6)

25 (40.0)

63.9 ± 9.6

56.4 ± 14.7

23.6 ± 3.6

23.2 ± 4.4

None

ND

6 m

SS

Norm

Johansen 2001 [33]

CG

HD (39.0 ± 39.0)

80 (ND)

39 (66.7)

ND

52.0 ± 16.0

ND

25.5 ± 4.8

None

ND

50 ft.

SND

Norm

Johansen 2001 [32]

HD (16.0 ± 16.0)

46 (67.4)

52.0 ± 17.0

25.5 ± 4.6

None

NA

50 ft.

SND

Norm

Johansen 2003 [34]

CG

HD (34.8 ± 25.2)

19 (63.2)

38 (52.6)

55.0 ± 15.0

55 ± 13.0

24.1 ± 3.6

25.0 ± 4.9

>  3 months HD

ND

20 ft.

SND

Norm

Kittiskulnam 2017 [35, 36]

HD (33.6 [15.6–64.8])

645 (58.6)

56.7 ± 14.5

28.1 ± 6.9

>  3 months HD

NA

15 ft.

SND

Norm

Kutsuna 2010 [37]

HD (93.6 ± 80.4)

153 (42.5)

64.0 ± 11.0

21.4 ± 3.3

None

NA

10 m

FS*

Norm

Max

Otobe 2017 [38]

CKD 3a-5 without MCI

CKD 3a-5 with MCI

45 (73.3)

75 (78.7)

75.0 ± 5.8

78.7 ± 6.9

23.8 ± 3.5

23.1 ± 4.0

>  65 years old

ND

4 m

SND

Norm

Padilla 2008 [39]

CKD 1–5

1 + 3 + 13 + 13 + 2 (84.4)

57.1 ± 14.8

28.1 ± 5.0

None

NA

20 ft.

SS

Norm

Max

Painter 2000 [48]

HD (33.7 ± 35.6) intervention

HD (40.2 ± 62.4) no intervention

ND

ND

55.9 ± 15.9

52.8 ± 16.8

ND

ND

None

ND

20 ft.

SS

Norm

Max

Roshanravan 2013 [41]

CG

CKD 2–4

78 (60.0)

385 (83.6)

65.4 ± 10.9

61.0 ± 13.0

27.9 ± 5.6

31.0 ± 6.9

None

ND

4 m

SS

Norm

Roshanravan 2015 [40]

CKD 1

CKD 2

CKD 3a

CKD 3b-5

214 (54.0)

428 (45.0)

138 (31.0)

45 (33.0)

72.0 ± 5.0

73.0 ± 6.0

77.0 ± 7.0

79.0 ± 8.0

27.4 ± 3.8

27.7 ± 4.1

27.0 ± 4.0

27.4 ± 4.8

None

ND

7 m

SS

Norm

Rossi 2014 [45]

CKD 3 + 4

CKD 3 + 4

35 (74.5) + 12 (25.5)

42 (72.4) + 16 (27.6)

69.2 ± 12.4

67.7 ± 12.4

30.7 ± 8.7

32.2 ± 7.3

None

ND

20 ft.

SS

Norm

Shin 2013 [42]

CG

HD (51.6 ± 36.5)

14 (64.3)

14 (71.4)

48.5 ± 10.1

50.0 ± 11.8

29.1 ± 5.8

34.2 ± 8.2

None

Age

7.9 m

FS

Norm

Shin 2014 [43]

CG

HD diabetic (28.4 ± 21.2)

HD no diabetic (70.8 ± 35.6)

18 (72.2)

10 (72.2)

8 (80.0)

51.9 ± 11.0

51.2 ± 10.2

55.5 ± 10.9

29.0 ± 5.3

33.3 ± 6.6

33.0 ± 9.5

None

Age, sex, BMI

7.9 m

FS

Norm

Storer 2005 [49]

CG

HD

HD

12 (58.3)

12 (58.3)

12 (66.7)

44.0 ± 12.0

44.0 ± 9.0

39.0 ± 9.0

25.0 ± 2.0

26.0 ± 3.0

25.0 ± 5.0

None

Age, sex, race

20 ft.

FS

Max

Tao 2015 [50]

HD (83.5 ± 61.4)

HD (84.7 ± 70.6)

57 (50.9)

56 (53.6)

53.0 ± 11.6

56.7 ± 9.7

ND

ND

>  3 months HD

–

10 m

SS

Norm

Max

Wolfgram 2016 [44]

HD (46.8 ± 48)

28 (71.0)

64.0 ± 10.5

29.3 ± 7.0

>  50 years

–

4 m

FS

Norm