Table 1 Baseline characteristics of study subjects according to the etiology
From: Effect of steroids and relevant cytokine analysis in acute tubulointerstitial nephritis
Variable | All patients (n = 113) | Idiopathic (n = 77) | Drug induced (n = 25) | Autoimmune (n = 5) | Othersa (n = 6) | P-valueb |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (year) | 58.3 ± 15.2 | 57.2 ± 15.4 | 62.7 ± 12.8 | 58.0 ± 22.6 | 54.7 ± 15.4 | 0.428 |
Female (%) | 40.7 | 45.5 | 28.0 | 20.0 | 50.0 | 0.338 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 23.3 ± 3.6 | 23.5 ± 3.4 | 23.2 ± 4.1 | 22.9 ± 4.0 | 20.5 ± 2.5 | 0.263 |
Comorbidities (%) | ||||||
Diabetes mellitus | 30.1 | 35.1 | 20.0 | 0 | 33.3 | 0.255 |
Hypertension | 40.7 | 41.6 | 44.0 | 40.0 | 16.7 | 0.687 |
Chronic kidney disease | 11.5 | 9.1 | 20.0 | 0 | 16.7 | 0.330 |
Blood findings | ||||||
Peak sCr (mg/dL) | 4.50 (3.02–7.23) | 4.35 (3.02–6.40) | 5.42 (3.70–9.70) | 2.61 (2.50–7.02) | 5.36 (3.94–7.85) | 0.362 |
sCr at biopsy (mg/dL) | 3.77 (2.51–5.90) | 3.50 (2.67–5.58) | 3.91 (3.02–8.80) | 2.50 (2.04–5.93) | 4.54 (2.48–7.68) | 0.528 |
Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 10.1 ± 1.7 | 10.0 ± 1.6 | 10.4 ± 1.8 | 10.2 ± 1.9 | 10.1 ± 1.6 | 0.785 |
Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 139.0 (119.0–165.0) | 139.0 (121.0–167.0) | 143.0 (116.0–166.0) | 127.0 (111.0–146.0) | 127.0 (101.0–149.0) | 0.338 |
Uric acid (mg/dL) | 6.1 (4.6–8) | 5.9 (4.2–8) | 6.3 (5.1–8) | 5.3 (3.8–7.4) | 7.6 (5.1–8.7) | 0.665 |
Albumin (g/dL) | 3.5 (3–3.9) | 3.5 (3.1–3.9) | 3.3 (2.9–3.9) | 2.4 (2.3–3.7) | 3.7 (3.5–3.9) | 0.279 |
Proteinuria (%) | 0.886 | |||||
- or trace | 27.4 | 31.2 | 20.0 | 20.0 | 16.7 | |
1+ | 36.3 | 32.5 | 36.0 | 60.0 | 66.7 | |
2+ | 24.8 | 24.7 | 28.0 | 20.0 | 16.7 | |
≥ 3+ | 11.5 | 11.7 | 16.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Hematuria (%) | 40.7 | 35.1 | 60.0 | 40.0 | 33.3 | 0.175 |
Pyuria (%) | 58.4 | 57.1 | 60.0 | 60.0 | 66.7 | 1.000 |
uPCR (g/g) | 1.3 (0.7–2.5) | 1.3 (0.8–2.5) | 1.3 (0.7–4.7) | 1.1 (1.0–1.5) | 1.7 (1.2–1.9) | 0.865 |
Dialysis at biopsy (%) | 30.1 | 24.7 | 44.0 | 40.0 | 33.3 | 0.251 |
Steroid use (%) | 81.4 | 79.2 | 84.0 | 100 | 83.3 | 0.892 |
TA/IF (%) | 0.378 | |||||
None | 15.9 | 10.4 | 24.0 | 20.0 | 50.0 | |
Milde | 33.6 | 33.8 | 36.0 | 40.0 | 16.7 | |
Moderate | 39.8 | 44.2 | 28.0 | 40.0 | 33.3 | |
Severe | 10.6 | 11.7 | 12.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Leukocyte infiltration (%) | 0.906 | |||||
Mild | 17.7 | 15.6 | 24.0 | 20.0 | 16.7 | |
Moderate | 38.1 | 41.6 | 28.0 | 40.0 | 33.3 | |
Severe | 44.2 | 42.9 | 48.0 | 40.0 | 50.0 | |
Follow-up duration (months) | 33 (19–55) | 37 (19–54) | 24 (19–60) | 48 (30–56) | 16 (8–24) | 0.316 |