Association between prediabetes (defined by HbA1C, fasting plasma glucose, and impaired glucose tolerance) and the development of chronic kidney disease: a 9-year prospective cohort study

Table 1 Characteristics of the subjects according to incident chronic kidney disease

	Newly developed CKD (n = 871)	No CKD (n = 6857)	P-value
Age (years)	57 ± 8	51 ± 8	0.001
Male	610 (70.0)	3456 (50.4)	< 0.001
Body mass index > 25 kg/m²	421 (48.3)	2737 (39.9)	< 0.001
Hypertension	332 (38.1)	1487 (21.7)	< 0.001
Current Smoking	137 (15.7)	1351 (19.7)	0.041
Regular exercise	499 (57.3)	4198 (61.2)	0.027
Metabolic syndrome	227 (26.1)	1147 (16.7)	< 0.001
Fasting glucose, mg/dl	87.7 ± 9.0	87.9 ± 8.9	0.592
Impaired fasting glucose	84 (9.6)	652 (9.5)	0.902
Impaired glucose tolerance	297 (34.1)	1882 (27.4)	< 0.001
5.7 < HbA1_C < 6.5	425 (48.8)	2461 (35.9)	< 0.001
Low density lipoprotein, mg/dl	117 ± 33	113 ± 32	< 0.001
Triglyceride, mg/dl	172 ± 105	153 ± 95	< 0.001
High-density lipoprotein, mg/dl	44 ± 10	45 ± 10	< 0.001
AST, IU/L	29 ± 18	29 ± 16	0.921
ALT, IU/L	26 ± 23	27 ± 21	0.036
Creatinine (mg/dL)	0.87 ± 0.18	0.82 ± 0.16	< 0.001
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m²)	85.2 ± 12.2	93.5 ± 15.1	< 0.001
Follow-up duration	9.0 ± 2.1	8.7 ± 2.5	< 0.001

CKD chronic kidney disease, AST aspartate aminotransferase, ALT alanine aminotransferase, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate
Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation or n (%)

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