Table 8 Summary of metabolic pathways for metabolites with significant changes in levels that associate with meprin β expression or deficiency and STZ-induced type 1 diabetes
Metabolite | Increase/decrease | Pathways |
|---|---|---|
Group 1: changed levels in plasma associate with meprin expression or deficiency | ||
Taurocholic acid | Increases in WT | Bile acids/lipid metabolism |
LysoPC(16:1(9Z)) | Decreases in WT | Lipid metabolism |
Indoxyl sulfate | Increases in WT | oxidative stress |
Group 2: 8 changes in urine associate with meprin β expression or deficiency | ||
Taurocholic acida | Increase in WT | Bile acids (lipid metabolism) |
Ergothioneinea | Increase in WT | Gut/dietary source (histidine metabolism) |
Tyrosyl-Valinea | Increase in WT | Protein degradation (aromatic amino acid metabolism) |
Prenyl glucoside | Decrease in WT | Gut/dietary (fatty acyl glucoside) |
Homovanillic acid sulfate | increase in WT | Catecholamine metabolism |
Cortisol | Increase in WT | Steroid hormone synthesis/stress response |
Aromadendrin 3,7-diglucoside | Increase in WT | Gut/dietary (flavonoid) |
Phloretin 2′-O-glucuronidea | Increase in WT | Gut/dietary (flavonoid) |
3,5-Dihydroxy-3′,4′-dimethoxy-6,7- methylenedioxyflavone 3-glucuronide | Decrease in βKO | Gut/dietary |
Pantothenic acid | Decrease in βKO | Gut/dietary |
Indoxyl glucuronide | Decrease in βKO | Indole metabolism/gut microbiota |
Group 3: changed levels in plasma associate with STZ-induced type 1 diabetes but independent of meprin β expression | ||
Hippuric acida | Increase at 4 and 8 weeks | Amino acid metabolism (phenylalanine polyphenol metabolism; uremia) |
Indole-3-carboxilic acid-O-sulphatea | Increase | Indole metabolism |
Fenoprofen glucuronidea | Increase | NSAID metabolite |
Group 4: Changed levels in urine associate with STZ-induced type 1 diabetes but independent of meprin β expression | ||
Glycerophosphocholine | Decrease | Lipid metabolism (choline metabolism; glycerophosphocholine) |
Nicotinic acid | Decrease | Co-factor and vitamin (nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism) |
1-Pyrroline-4-hydroxy-2-carboxylate | Decrease | Amino acid metabolism (arginine and proline metabolism) |
Indole-3-carboxylic acid | Decrease | Gut/Dietary (indole metabolism) |
a-L-threo-4-Hex-4-enopyranuronosyl-D-galacturonic acid | Decrease | Carbohydrate metabolism (glucuronic acid derivative) |