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Table 4 Subgroup Analysis for Cardiovascular Mortality Associated with aTRH

From: Resistant hypertension and cardiovascular disease mortality in the US: results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)

 

N

Deaths

Any aTRH vs. Controlled

p-interaction

Age (years)

  < 45 years

579

15

NA

0.211

 45–65 years

2511

117

2.13 (1.18, 3.88)

  ≥ 65 years

3267

418

1.23 (0.91, 1.66)

Sex

 Female

3426

269

1.87 (1.26, 2.79)

0.033

 Male

2931

281

1.13 (0.76, 1.69)

Race/Ethnicity

 Non-Hispanic White

3432

343

1.56 (1.13, 2.15)

 Non-Hispanic Black

1712

143

1.17 (0.73, 1.88)

0.583

 Mexican American

1033

58

1.15 (0.38, 3.43)

 Other

180

6

NA

Nonsmoker

2869

218

2.16 (1.34, 3.47)

0.075

Smoker

3481

332

1.19 (0.85, 1.65)

No Diabetes

4237

349

1.48 (1.05, 2.07)

0.746

Diabetes

2120

201

1.46 (0.94, 2.28)

No CVD

4558

261

1.68 (1.1, 2.56)

0.03

CVD

1737

282

1.35 (1, 1.81)

No Diuretic

2714

161

1.223 (0.62, 2.4)

0.818

Diuretic

3643

389

1.48 (1.04, 2.11)

No ACE-I or ARB

1705

101

1.35 (0.69, 2.62)

0.562

ACE-I or ARB

3678

260

1.7 (1.18, 2.44)

No CCBb

4117

303

1.54 (0.98, 2.43)

0.549

CCBb

2240

247

1.35 (0.93, 1.98)

No Betablocker

3811

309

1.51 (1.03, 2.22)

0.411

Betablocker

2546

241

1.4 (0.91, 2.16)

No Antihtn_otherc

5252

411

1.41 (0.98, 2.01)

0.649

Antihtn_otherc

1105

139

1.55 (0.89, 2.69)

eGFR CKDEPI Categoriesa

  ≥ 120

135

5

NA

0.521

 90–119

1617

47

1.6 (0.57, 4.47)

 60–89

2677

215

1.34 (0.88, 2.04)

 45–59

929

129

1.94 (1.17, 3.2)

 30–44

417

76

1.08 (0.47, 2.47)

  < 30

187

38

2.33 (0.32, 16.86)

CRP (mg/dL)

  < 0.22

2546

220

1.18 (0.76, 1.84)

0.582

 0.22–0.99

2487

187

1.74 (1.16, 2.6)

  ≥ 1.00

981

109

2.17 (0.99, 4.77)

ACR

  < 30

4807

310

1.79 (1.27, 2.52)

0.063

 30–300

1061

142

1.31 (0.83, 2.07)

  ≥ 300

292

57

0.93 (0.43, 2)

  1. Abbreviations: aTRH apparent treatment-resistant hypertension, CVD Cardiovascular Disease, eGFR CKD-EPI estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate using Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration, CRP C-reactive Protein, ACR Albumin-Creatinine Ratio
  2. a measured in mL/min/1.73 m2
  3. b Calcium channel blocker
  4. c Other anti-hypertensive not included in the preceding anti-hypertensive classes