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Table 1 Characteristics of patients with moderate to advanced chronic kidney disease at Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital n = 202

From: Quality of life among patients with moderate to advanced chronic kidney disease in Ghana - a single centre study

Characteristic

n = 202

Age (yrs) μ SD

46.7 ± 16.2

Male Gender n (%)

118 (58.4%)

Marital status

 Married n (%)

137 (67.8)

 Single n (%)

42 (20.8)

 Divorced/separated n (%)

12 (5.9)

 Widowed n (%)

11(5.5)

Educational level

 No formal education n (%)

22 (10.9)

 Primary education n (%)

21 (10.4)

 Junior high school n (%)

56 (22.7)

 Senior high school n (%)

77 (38.1)

 Tertiary n (%)

26 (12.9)

Employment status

 Full time employment n (%)

96 (47.5)

 Part time employment n (%)

4 (2.0)

 Unemployed n (%)

83 (41.1)

 In training n (%)

4 (2.0)

 Retired n (%)

15 (7.4)

Monthly income status

 Less than GHS 500 n (%)

165 (81.7)

 GHS 500–1499 n (%)

20 (9.9)

 GHS 1500–2499 n (%)

9 (4.5)

 GHS 2500–3499 n (%)

2 (1.0)

 Greater than GHS 3500 n (%)

6 (3.0)

Cause of CKD

 Chronic glomerulonephritis n (%)

118 (58.4)

 Diabetes mellitus n (%)

40 (19.8)

 Hypertension n (%)

19 (9.4)

 Polycystic kidney disease n (%)

14 (6.9)

 HIVAN n (%)

5 (2.5)

 Obstructive uropathy n (%)

2 (1.0)

 Others n (%)

4 (2.0)

Stage of CKD

 Stage 3 n (%)

13 (6.5)

 Stage 4 n (%)

45 (22.4)

 Stage 5 n (%)

143 (71.1)

 Systolic BP mmHg μ SD

152.3 ± 30.0

 Diastolic BP mmHg μ SD

88.6 ± 19.8

 Hypertension n (%)

187 (92.6)

Laboratory characteristics

 Haemoglobin levels (g/dL)) μ SD

9.2 ± 2.5

 Anaemia (Hb < 12 g/dL) n (%)

164 (81.2)

 MCV fL μ SD

81.4 ± 7.6

 MCH pg/cell μ SD

28.0 ± 3.2

 Serum Urea mmol/L M (IQR)

19.2 (12.5–30.5)

 Serum Creatinine umol/L M (IQR))

634.2 (333–1248)

 GFR ml/min/1.73m2 M (IQR)

7 (3–16)

Medications used

 ACEi/ARBs n (%)

141 (70.2)

 Calcium channel blockers n (%)

161 (80.1)

 Diuretics n (%)

160 (79.6)

 Beta- blockers n (%)

56 (27.9)

 Hydralazine n (%)

56 (27.9)

 Methyldopa n (%)

80 (39.8)

 ESA n (%)

19 (9.4)

 Intravenous iron n (%)

4 (2.0)

  1. Yrs years, SD standard deviation, μ mean, n. number, GHS Ghanaian cedis, USD United States dollars, MCV mean corpuscular volume, MCH mean corpuscular haemoglobin, SD standard deviation, μ mean, IQR interquartile range, M median, BP blood pressure, GFR glomerular filtration rate, fL femtolitres, pg pigogram, CKD chronic kidney disease, HIVAN human immunodeficiency virus associated nephropathy, ACEi angiotension converting enzyme inhibitor, ARBs angiotensin II receptor blocker, ESA erythropoietin stimulating agent, others chronic schistosomiasis and posttraumatic nephrectomy