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Fig. 1 | BMC Nephrology

Fig. 1

From: S1PR2 antagonist ameliorate high glucose-induced fission and dysfunction of mitochondria in HRGECs via regulating ROCK1

Fig. 1

Inhibition of S1PR2 reverses HG-induced mitochondrial fission and dysfunction. HEGECs were pretreated with JTE-013, a S1PR2 inhibitor, for 30 min and then incubated with normal glucose (NG, 5.5 mM) or high glucose (HG, 30 mM) for 72 h. a Mitochondrial morphology changes were observed under an electron microscopy. b ATP production was measured using a commercial ATPlite assay kit and quantified by reading ATP luminescence on a microplate reader. c Total intracellular ROS generation was assessed by using the fluorogenic probe DCF-DA and observed under a fluorescent microscope, and further quantified with flow cytometric assay. d Ca2+ levels in mitochondria were determined by using the Ca2+ probe Rhod-2 AM and imaged with a fluorescent microscope, and quantified with flow cytometry. Data were normalized with the values of the NG-treated cells set as 1. Results are expressed as mean ± SD of three independent experiments. *P < 0.05 versus the HG group; #P < 0.05 versus the NG group. EM, electron microscopy; LM, local magnification

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