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Table 2 Biochemical safety dataa

From: Effects of Brazilian green propolis on proteinuria and renal function in patients with chronic kidney disease: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Variable

Placebo, n = 14

Propolis, n = 18

pb

Time point

Time point

 

Baseline

6 months

12 months

Baseline

6 months

12 months

 

AST (U/L)c

25.2 ± 11.6

27 ± 16.3

36 ± 28

18.3 ± 4.3

19.3 ± 5.8

18.9 ± 6.7

0.34

ALT (U/L)d

25 ± 9.2

25.2 ± 14.7

41.4 ± 28.3

17.3 ± 6.2

16.4 ± 5.3

17.5 ± 7.3

0.02

TB (mg/dl)e

0.7 ± 0.4

0.7 ± 0.4

0.6 ± 0.3

0.5 ± 0.3

0.4 ± 0.2

0.4 ± 0.2

0.62

CK (U/L)f

126.8 ± 64.1

124.2 ± 64.3

108.1 ± 54.6

145.2 ± 83.5

140.9 ± 95.5

145.5 ± 100.9

0.16

  1. AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; CK, (plasma) creatine kinase; TB, total bilirubin.
  2. aData expressed as mean ± SD
  3. bBaseline vs. 12 months
  4. cReference values: ≤41 U/L for men and ≤ 31 U/L for women
  5. dReference values: ≤64 U/L for men and ≤ 23 U/L for women
  6. eReference range: 0.2–1.0 mg/dl
  7. fReference values: ≤190 U/L for men and ≤ 167 U/L for women