Table 3 Concomitant medication and clinical events during follow-up by cohort and MRA treatment duration in the CKD population
Characteristics | CKD | DKD | CKD + HF | DKD + HF | ||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No MRA | Spironolactone | No MRA < 6 months | Spironolactone | No MRA | Spironolactone | No MRA | Spironolactone | |||||||||||||||||
< 6 months | ≥ 6 months | < 6 months | < 6 months | < 6 months | ≥ 6 months | < 6 months | ≥ 6 months | |||||||||||||||||
(n = 112,730) | (n = 869) | (n = 481) | (n = 75,616) | (n = 891) | (n = 469) | (n = 14,653) | (n = 512) | (n = 373) | (n = 21,144) | (n = 808) | (n = 458) | |||||||||||||
Concomitant medications, n (%) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Angiotensin II receptor blockers | 23,232 | (20.6) | 293 | (33.7) | 163 | (33.9) | 22,675 | (30.0) | 365 | (41.0) | 194 | (41.4) | 2915 | (19.9) | 134 | (26.2) | 88 | (23.6) | 5402 | (25.5) | 248 | (30.7) | 134 | (29.3) |
ACE inhibitors | 33,843 | (30.0) | 322 | (37.1) | 145 | (30.1) | 33,084 | (43.8) | 435 | (48.8) | 221 | (47.1) | 5149 | (35.1) | 265 | (51.8) | 191 | (51.2) | 8486 | (40.1) | 447 | (55.3) | 232 | (50.7) |
Renin inhibitors | 671 | (0.6) | 18 | (2.1) | 9 | (1.9) | 889 | (1.2) | 23 | (2.6) | 13 | (2.8) | 99 | (0.7) | 8 | (1.6) | 0 | (0.0) | 245 | (1.2) | 18 | (2.2) | 9 | (2.0 |
β-blockers | 36,496 | (32.4) | 515 | (59.3) | 261 | (54.3) | 33,657 | (44.5) | 611 | (68.6) | 328 | (69.9) | 9176 | (62.6) | 434 | (84.8) | 323 | (86.6) | 14,537 | (68.8) | 706 | (87.4) | 406 | (88.6) |
Calcium-channel blockers | 29,305 | (26.0) | 417 | (48.0) | 217 | (45.1) | 26,359 | (34.9) | 477 | (53.5) | 253 | (53.9) | 4625 | (31.6) | 172 | (33.6) | 122 | (32.7) | 7820 | (37.0) | 351 | (43.4) | 169 | (36.9) |
Vasodilators | 12,863 | (11.4) | 263 | (30.3) | 126 | (26.2) | 14,483 | (19.2) | 349 | (39.2) | 168 | (35.8) | 3960 | (27.0) | 224 | (43.8) | 145 | (38.9) | 7827 | (37.0) | 405 | (50.1) | 223 | (48.7) |
Diuretics | 26,812 | (23.8) | 526 | (60.5) | 255 | (53.0) | 27,196 | (36.0) | 627 | (70.4) | 315 | (67.2) | 7647 | (52.2) | 432 | (84.4) | 302 | (81.0) | 13,023 | (61.6) | 714 | (88.4) | 385 | (84.1) |
Clinical events, n (%) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Reproductive system and breast disordersa | 10,517 | (9.3) | 78 | (9.0) | 59 | (12.3) | 7028 | (9.3) | 117 | (13.1) | 59 | (12.6) | 1032 | (7.0) | 39 | (7.6) | 29 | (7.8) | 1532 | (7.2) | 72 | (8.9) | 39 | (8.5) |
Hyperkalemia | 5187 | (4.6) | 94 | (10.8) | 53 | (11.0) | 6890 | (9.1) | 149 | (16.7) | 67 | (14.3) | 1593 | (10.9) | 78 | (15.2) | 53 | (14.2) | 3647 | (17.2) | 190 | (23.5) | 75 | (16.4) |
Stroke | 9821 | (8.7) | 120 | (13.8) | 42 | (8.7) | 9532 | (12.6) | 179 | (20.1) | 63 | (13.4) | 3249 | (22.2) | 125 | (24.4) | 78 | (20.9) | 5307 | (25.1) | 219 | (27.1) | 99 | (21.6) |
Myocardial infarction | 3440 | (3.1) | 59 | (6.8) | 26 | (5.4) | 3975 | (5.3) | 105 | (11.8) | 35 | (7.5) | 2185 | (14.9) | 118 | (23.0) | 90 | (24.1) | 4098 | (19.4) | 218 | (27.0) | 124 | (27.1) |
Heart failure | 3066 | (2.7) | 99 | (11.4) | 30 | (6.2) | 4418 | (5.8) | 203 | (22.8) | 39 | (8.3) | 11,274 | (76.9) | 470 | (91.8) | 351 | (94.1) | 16,511 | (78.1) | 765 | (94.7) | 425 | (92.8) |
Thrombosis | 3594 | (3.2) | 51 | (5.9) | 26 | (5.4) | 2708 | (3.6) | 58 | (6.5) | 28 | (6.0) | 1246 | (8.5) | 72 | (14.1) | 32 | (8.6) | 1834 | (8.7) | 89 | (11.0) | 39 | (8.5) |