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Table 3 Odds ratios for hematuria according to serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels

From: Association between vitamin D level and hematuria from a dipstick test in a large scale population based study: Korean National Health and nutrition examination survey

Groups

Univariate

Multivariatea

OR (95% CI)

P

OR (95% CI)

P

Quartiles

 1st quartile (≥ 20.8 ng/mL)

1 (reference)

 

1 (reference)

 

 2nd quartile (16.4–20.7 ng/mL)

1.07 (0.960–1.196)

0.219

1.14 (1.014–1.284)

0.028

 3rd quartile (13.0–16.3 ng/mL)

1.20 (1.072–1.336)

0.001

1.26 (1.114–1.415)

<  0.001

 4th quartile (<  13.0 ng/mL)

1.35 (1.210–1.501)

<  0.001

1.40 (1.240–1.572)

<  0.001

Vitamin D inadequacy

 Normal (≥ 30 ng/mL)

1 (reference)

 

1 (reference)

 

 Inadequacy (<  30 ng/mL)

1.33 (1.071–1.639)

0.010

1.44 (1.150–1.800)

0.001

Vitamin D deficiency

 Normal (≥ 20 ng/mL)

1 (reference)

 

1 (reference)

 

 Deficiency (<  20 ng/mL)

1.20 (1.102–1.309)

<  0.001

1.25 (1.137–1.373)

<  0.001

  1. aAdjusted for age, gender, alcohol, smoking, diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, anemia, chronic kidney disease, glycosuria, and proteinuria