Table 1 Baseline clinical and biochemical characteristics of HD patients according to sex-specific quartiles of gait speed and handgrip strength

Sex (men/women)

124/49

31/12

31/12

31/14

31/12

0.87

31/12

31/12

30/9

32/16

0.66

Age (year)

69.0 (62.5-76.0)

72.5±9.7

70.8±10.1

64.4±11.1

63.9±12.3

<0.01

72.5±9.7

70.0 (66.0-76.0)

67.0 (63.0-73.0)

65.5 (52.0-69.8)

<0.01

Duration of dialysis (year)

5.5 (2.4-9.9)

6.9±6.8

6.7±5.9

5.4±3.9

9.7±7.9

0.06

6.9±6.8

4.5 (1.7-11.1)

3.6 (1.6-6.7)

6.0 (2.9-10.6)

0.02

Body mass index (kg/m2)

21.7 (19.4-24.7)

22.0±4.1

23.0±3.3

23.1±4.7

21.0±3.6

0.03

22.0±4.1

22.1 (19.3-25.3)

22.4 (20.6-26.0)

21.8 (19.6-24.8)

<0.01

Albumin (g/dl)

3.8 (3.6-3.9)

3.7 (3.5-3.8)

3.8 (3.5-4.0)

3.8 (3.6-3.9)

3.8 (3.6-4.0)

0.19

3.7 (3.5-3.8)

3.7 (3.6-3.9)

3.7 (3.6-3.9)

3.8 (3.7-4.0)

<0.01

HDL-cholesterol (mg/dl)

41.0 (33.5-51.0)

41.0 (33.5-50.0)

41.0 (32.0-53.3)

39.0 (31.0-46.0)

49.0 (39.0-54.0)

0.19

41.0 (33.0-49.0)

43.0 (33.0-55.0)

39.0 (31.0-48.0)

41.0 (33-49)

0.48

LDL-cholesterol (mg/dl)

77.0 (62.5-98)

71.1±23.7

81.4±24.5

81.8±26.9

83.0±27.7

0.07

78.8±19.3

79.7±28.0

80.6±29.9

81.5±26.6

0.96

C-reactive protein (mg/dl)

0.1 (0.05-0.3)

0.1 (0.06-0.3)

0.1 (0.05-0.5)

0.2 (0.05-0.3)

0.06 (0.05-0.3)

0.28

0.1 (0.05-0.5)

0.2 (0.05-0.3)

0.1 (0.05-0.6)

0.06 (0.05-0.2)

0.24

Creatinine (mg/dl)

10.8±2.5

9.5±2.5

11.0±2.7

11.2±2.4

11.42.0

<0.01

9.8±1.5

10.2±2.6

11.4±2.9

11.7±2.5

<0.01

Ca^a (mg/dl)

9.0±0.6

9.0±0.7

9.2±0.7

8.9±0.5

8.90.7

0.11

9.1±0.6

8.8±0.6

9.2±0.8

8.9±0.6

0.03

P (mg/dl)

5.4±1.2

4.9±1.3

5.4±1.3

5.4±1.1

5.7±1.1

0.05

5.1±1.2

5.2±1.2

5.6±1.1

5.6±1.2

0.25

intact PTH (pg/ml)

133.0 (75.0-190.5)

108.0 (52.0-141.0)

124.0 (68.8-186.3)

154.0 (89.5-263.0)

151.0 (107.0-225.0)

10

127.0 (54.0-169.0)

122.0 (76-176)

137.0 (93-187)

152.5 (88.0-227.0)

0.33

β2MG (mg/L)

26.4±5.6

26.2±6.7

26.5±5.0

26.0±5.5

26.9±4.9

0.9

27.1±5.1

26.7±7.0

26.3±4.8

25.6±5.1

0.38

%CGR

92.0±22.4

88.6±18.3

84.7±18.3

88.0±24.0

95.4±18.8

0.06

88.6±18.3

88.0±24.0

95.8±27.7

95.4±18.8

0.14

Single-pool Kt/V

1.4 (1.3-1.6)

1.5±0.3

1.4±0.2

1.5±0.2

1.60±.2

0.01

1.5±0.2

1.5±0.2

1.4±0.2

1.5±0.3

0.35

 Diabetes (n, (%))

86 (50.0)

27(62.8)

25(60.0)

22(48.9)

12(27.9)

<0.01

24 (55.8)

24 (55.8)

20 (51.3)

17(35.4)

0.07

 History of CVD^b (n, (%))

74 (42.8)

21(48.8)

21 (48.8)

20 (46.5)

17 (35.4)

<0.01

21(48.8)

20 (45.6)

17 (43.6)

17 (35.4)

0.18

 Heart failure^c (n, (%))

6 (3.5)

0 (0)

1 (2.4)

2 (4.4)

3 (7.0)

0.07

1 (2.3)

2 (4.7)

1 (2.6)

2 (4.2)

0.77

 Myocardial infarction and angina (n, (%))

31 (17.9)

10 (23.3)

9 (21.4)

7 (15.6)

5 (11.6)

0.11

9 (21.0)

8 (18.6)

8 (20.5)

6 (17.9)

0.34

 Peripheral arterial disease, (n, (%))

18 (10.4)

11(25.6)

4 (9.5)

2 (4.4)

1 (2.3)

<0.01

9 (20.9)

4 (9.3)

5 (12.8)

0 (0.0)

<0.01

 Stroke (n, (%))

36 (20.8)

14 (32.6)

11(26.2)

7 (15.6)

4 (9.3)

< 0.01

12 (27.9)

10 (23.3)

7 (18.0)

7 (14.6)

0.09

 Dementia (n, (%))

9 (5.2)

6 (14.0)

1 (2.4)

1 (2.2)

1 (2.3)

0.02

5 (11.6)

3 (7.0)

0 (2.1)

1 (5.2)

0.02

 Hemiplegia (n, (%))

17 (9.8)

8 (18.6)

6 (14.3)

2 (4.4)

1 (2.3)

<0.01

5 (11.6)

3 (7.0)

6 (15.4)

3 (6.3)

0.64

 Presence of malignancy^d (n,(%))

7 (4.0)

3 (7.0)

1 (2.4)

2 (4.4)

1 (2.3)

0.7

2 (4.7)

0 (0.0)

2 (5.1)

3 (6.3)

0.77

 Charlson comorbidity index

4.0 (2.0-5.0)

4.0 (3.0-6.0)

4.0 (2.8-5.0)

4.0 (2.0-4.0)

2.0 (2.0-4.0)

<0.01

4.0 (3.0-5.0)

4.0 (2.0-4.0)

4.0(2.0-5.0)

3.0 (2.0-4.0)

0.02

 Weight loss (n, (%))

5 (2.9)

2 (4.7)

0 (0)

1 (2.2)

2 (4.7)

0.85

2 (4.7)

1 (2.3)

1 (2.6)

1 (2.1)

0.51

 Exhaustion (n, (%))

28 (16.2)

10 (23.3)

5 (11.9)

7 (15.6)

6 (14.0)

0.33

12 (27.9)

7 (16.3)

3 (7.7)

6 (12.5)

0.03

 Low physical activity (n, (%))

23 (13.3)

7 (16.3)

5 (11.9)

5 (11.1)

6 (14.0)

0.73

6 (14.0)

4 (9.3)

7 (17.9)

6 (12.5)

0.88

 Gait speed, men (m/s)

1.0±0.3

0.72 (0.55-0.78)

0.89 (0.87- 0.93)

1.06 (1.02-1.10)

1.23 (1.19-1.31)

<0.01

0.85 (0.70-0.93)

0.97 (0.80-1.07)

0.94 (0.86-1.11)

1.18 (1.02-1.25)

<0.01

 Gait speed, women (m/s)

0.9±0.2

0.63 (0.53-0.71)

0.89 (0.85-0.90)

1.00 (0.94-1.07)

1.24 (1.15-1.29)

<0.01

0.87 (0.62-1.02)

0.87 (0.62-1.16)

0.92 (0.88-1.10)

1.03 (0.93-1.23)

0.11

 Handgrip strength, men (kg)

27.2±7.1

22.6 (20.1- 26.3)

23.9 (21.0-29.9)

28.9 (23.9-28.9)

32.9 (24.9-35.9)

<0.01

20.1 (17.4-20.7)

23.9 (23.1-24.9)

28.8 (26.9-30.9)

35.5 (33.3-38.0)

<0.01

 Handgrip strength, women (kg)

17.7±4.6

15.6 (10.9-18.6)

17.2 (15.1-20.4)

20.0 (13.4-20.0)

18.9 (16.2-21.9)

0.15

12.7(10.6-14.5)

16.1 (15.2-16.3)

19.2 (17.2-19.9)

21.9 (21.5-23.1)

<0.01