Patient variables
|
Patient age
|
1.01 (1.00–1.02)
|
0.19
|
Patient gender
|
Male
|
1.09 (0.68–1.76)
|
0.72
|
Female
|
1
| |
BMI
|
0.95 (0.95–1.01)
|
0.12
|
Steroids
|
No
|
1.65 (0.61–4.44)
|
0.32
|
Yes
|
1
| |
PAI
|
No
|
0.83 (0.32–2.11)
|
0.69
|
Yes
|
1
| |
Diabetes
|
No
|
1.02 (0.64–1.63)
|
0.94
|
Yes
|
1
| |
PVD
|
No
|
0.89 (0.53–1.49)
|
0.65
|
Yes
|
1
| |
Heart disease
|
No
|
1.05 (0.66–1.68)
|
0.84
|
Yes
|
1
| |
Hypertension
|
No
|
1.73 (0.91–3.29)
|
0.09
|
Yes
|
1
| |
Hypotension
|
No
|
0.76 (0.32–1.81)
|
0.54
|
Yes
|
1
| |
Smoker
|
No
|
0.58 (0.14–2.36)
|
0.44
|
Yes
|
1
| |
Log age of access
|
2.01 (1.65–2.46)
|
< 0.001
|
AV type
|
Fistula
|
3.22 (1.79–5.80)
|
< 0.001
|
Graft
|
1
| |
AVF location
| |
0.82
|
Brachio-cephalic
|
1.20 (0.45–3.19)
|
0.72
|
Radio-cephalic
|
1.35 (0.50–3.68)
|
0.59
|
Brachio-basilic
|
1
| |
Surgical revision <3mths
|
No
|
1.71 (0.90–3.25)
|
0.10
|
Yes
|
1
| |
Depth of AVF
| |
< 0.001
|
Superficial
|
15.0 (5.64–40.0)
|
< 0.001
|
Palpable
|
11.3 (4.34–29.4)
|
< 0.001
|
Non-palpable
|
1
| |
Vessel
|
Straight
|
1.01 (0.59–1.72)
|
0.98
|
Zig-zag
|
1
| |
vBifurcation
| |
0.21
|
Nil
|
0.58 (0.23–1.45)
|
0.71
|
Single
|
0.91 (0.33–2.49)
|
0.86
|
Multiple
|
1
| |
Aneurysm
| | |
Yes
|
2.64 (1.34–5.18)
|
0.005
|
No
|
1
| |
Episodes of cannulation variables
|
Log nurse confidence
|
1.19 (1.01–1.40)
|
0.03
|
Length of vessel
|
1.00 (0.94–1.06)
|
0.87
|
Bruit present – indicates stenosis
|
No
|
0.71 (0.30–1.65)
|
0.42
|
Yes
|
1
| |
Stent in situ
| | |
No
|
3.17 (1.32–7.61)
|
0.01
|
Yes
|
1
| |
Oedema present
| | |
No
|
3.22 (1.40–7.38)
|
0.006
|
Yes
|
1
| |
Bruising present
|
No
|
2.42 (1.39–4.19)
|
0.002
|
Yes
|
1
| |
Hematoma present
|
No
|
2.46 (1.02–5.90)
|
0.04
|
Yes
|
1
| |
AVF soft with tendency for extravasation
|
No
|
1.32 (0.74–2.36)
|
0.35
|
Yes
|
1
| |
Tourniquet use
| | |
No
|
1.25 (0.76–2.07)
|
0.37
|
Yes
|
1
| |
Ultrasound use
|
No
|
13.9 (8.18–23.6)
|
< 0.001
|
Yes
|
1
| |
Standard needle length
|
No
|
2.56 (0.35–18.8)
|
0.36
|
Yes
|
1
| |
Arterial needle antegrade insertion
|
No
|
1.76 (0.92–3.79)
|
0.09
|
Yes
|
1
| |
Arterial needle bevel up
|
No
|
0.68 (0.40–1.14)
|
0.14
|
Yes
|
1
| |
Arterial needle rotated after insertion
|
No
|
0.57 (0.36–0.91)
|
0.02
|
Yes
|
1
| |
Venous needle bevel up
|
No
|
0.64 (0.37–1.10)
|
0.10
|
Yes
|
1
| |
Venous needle rotated after insertion
|
No
|
0.74 (0.45–1.23)
|
0.25
|
Yes
|
1
| |
Arterial needle gauge
| |
0.66
|
14
|
2.78 (0.30–25.7)
|
0.37
|
15
|
2.03 (0.26–16.0)
|
0.50
|
16
|
1.52 (0.17–13.6)
|
0.70
|
17
|
1
| |
Venous needle gauge
| |
0.10
|
14
|
7.65 (1.40–41.6)
|
0.02
|
15
|
4.58 (1.12–18.8)
|
0.03
|
16
|
3.39 (0.71–16.1)
|
0.13
|
17
|
1
| |
Nurse variables
|
Nurse age
|
0.99 (0.96–1.02)
|
0.41
|
Years as a RN
|
0.98 (0.96–1.00)
|
0.09
|
Years as HD nurse
|
0.98 (0.96–1.01)
|
0.29
|
Gender
|
Male
|
4.88 (1.42–16.7)
|
0.01
|
Female
|
1
| |
Employment status
|
Fulltime
|
1.32 (0.83–2.09)
|
0.25
|
Part time/casual
|
1
| |
Job Title
|
RN
|
1.16 (0.66–2.02)
|
0.61
|
CN / SDN
|
1
| |
Highest education
|
BN/RN
|
1.13 (0.66–1.94)
|
0.66
|
Graduate or higher
|
1
| |
Postgrad in renal nursing
|
No
|
1.84 (1.15–2.93)
|
0.01
|
Yes
|
1
| |