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Table 3 Characteristics Associated with Inpatient Mortality from Cardiovascular Disease after Kidney Transplantation

From: Factors associated with adverse outcomes from cardiovascular events in the kidney transplant population: an analysis of national discharge data, hospital characteristics, and process measures

Variable

Comparison

Model 1: Transplant Hospital Only

Model 2: Transplant Hospital + Patient Characteristics

Model 3: Transplant Hospital + Patient Characteristics + Hospital Characteristics

OR

95% CI

p-value

OR

95% CI

p-value

OR

95% CI

p-value

Transplant hospital

Transplant vs. Non-transplant

0.81

0.60

1.09

0.16

0.72

0.48

1.08

0.11

0.98

0.50

1.91

0.94

Patient-level Characteristics

Age

≥60 vs. < 60

    

2.28

1.53

3.4

< 0.001

2.29

1.37

3.85

0.002

 Race

Non-white vs. White

    

0.62

0.39

0.99

0.04

0.49

0.26

0.9

0.02

 Sex

Female vs. Male

    

0.69

0.47

1.02

0.06

0.59

0.37

0.92

0.02

 Type of admission

Emergent/Urgent vs. Elective/Others

    

1.37

0.73

2.56

0.33

1.5

0.69

3.26

0.30

 Admitted to high transfer in hospital

Yes vs. No

    

1.52

1.02

2.27

0.04

1.76

1.01

3.05

0.05

 Number of CV diagnosis

≥2 vs. 1

    

2.09

1.44

3.03

< 0.001

1.73

1.08

2.78

0.02

 Weighted Charlson score

≥2 vs. 0–1

    

1.37

0.89

2.12

0.16

1.06

0.63

1.81

0.82

 Hypertension

Yes vs. No

    

1.11

0.64

1.93

0.71

1.26

0.61

2.57

0.53

 Tobacco abuse

Yes vs. No

    

0.39

0.09

1.68

0.21

0.24

0.03

2.05

0.19

 Dyslipidemia

Yes vs. No

    

0.48

0.31

0.75

0.001

0.58

0.35

0.98

0.04

 Diabetes mellitus

Yes vs. No

    

0.46

0.31

0.66

< 0.001

0.4

0.25

0.64

< 0.001

Invasive CV procedure

             

 Diagnostic Cardiac catheterization

Yes vs. No

    

2.60

1.76

3.84

< 0.001

2.1

1.32

3.36

0.002

 Therapeutic cardiac catheterization

Yes vs. No

    

0.22

0.07

0.67

0.008

0.35

0.1

1.17

0.09

 CABG

Yes vs. No

    

0.23

0.06

0.93

0.04

0.35

0.07

1.65

0.18

 Valve surgery

Yes vs. No

    

0.51

0.12

2.12

0.35

0.38

0.07

1.95

0.25

 Other cardiac surgery

Yes vs. No

    

2.94

0.79

11.01

0.11

1.26

0.2

7.88

0.81

Hospital-level Characteristics

 Owner, Financial status, Payer Mix

  Hospital total expenses by quartile

2 vs. 1

        

1.45

0.64

3.27

0.38

 

3 vs. 1

        

0.52

0.16

1.68

0.28

 

4 vs. 1

        

0.26

0.07

0.97

0.05

 Inpatient Capacity

             

  Hospital unit inpatient days by quartile

2 vs. 1

        

0.53

0.21

1.3

0.16

 

3 vs. 1

        

1.02

0.34

3.11

0.97

 

4 vs. 1

        

4.26

1.2

15.21

0.03

  Cardiac intensive care

Yes vs. No

        

1.75

0.78

3.91

0.18

 Staffing Patterns

  Teaching status

Minor teaching vs. Nonteaching

        

0.65

0.37

1.15

0.14

 

Major teaching vs. Nonteaching

        

0.32

0.16

0.65

0.002

 Process of Care for Heart Attack

             

  Aspirin at arrival

Per 5% increase

        

2.28

0.58

9.07

0.24

  Time to ECG

Per 20 min increase

        

0.98

0.81

1.19

0.85

QIC

1758.36

1095.68

736.47