Table 2 Mean changes in the objective sleep quality (primary outcome) and the subjective sleep quality (secondary outcome) observed during this study
|  | Baseline | 1 month | 3 month | 6 month |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Sleep efficiency | ||||
 -BIA group | 72.52 (13.45) | 71.98 (9.49) | 72.88 (13.77) | 71.44 (14.79) |
 -Clinical group | 71.35 (18.08) | 67.62 (19.09) | 66.08 (25.18) | 71.60 (24.10) |
 -Between-group difference (95% CI) | – | −2.05 (−6.05 to 1.96) | −2.21 (−6.29 to 1.87) | −1.37 (−5.53 to 2.79) |
 -P-value | – | 0.32 | 0.29 | 0.52 |
Sleep duration | ||||
 -BIA group | 305.92 (84.31) | 288.86 (64.69) | 306.75 (83.54) | 297.45 (103.85) |
 -Clinical group | 315.83 (89.06) | 309.48 (84.13) | 299.04 (114.92) | 325.19 (125.59) |
 -Between-group difference (95% CI) |  |  |  |  |
– | −11.98 (−42.47 to 18.50) | −6.84 (−37.91 to 24.24) | 2.12 (−29.55 to 33.79) | |
 -P-value | – | 0.44 | 0.67 | 0.90 |
WASO | ||||
 -BIA group | 57.15 (27.82) | 50.15 (18.64) | 47.31 (29.39) | 46.57 (21.31) |
 -Clinical group | 54.51 (18.52) | 62.83 (32.72) | 44.98 (25.25) | 45.14 (19.95) |
 -Between-group difference (95% CI) | – | 0.26 (−10.06 to 10.58) | −8.45 (−18.97 to 2.07) | −6.67 (−17.38 to 4.04) |
 -P-value | – | 0.90 | 0.12 | 0.22 |
PSQI scores | ||||
 -BIA group | 7.9 (2.42) | 6.8 (2.78) | 5.6 (2.5) | 4.44 (0.88) |
 -Clinical group | 9.22 (3.83) | 9.44 (3.13) | 8.13 (2.1) | 6.62 (3.66) |
 -Between-group difference (95% CI) | – | −0.47 (−1.76 to 0.81) | −1.82 (−3.13 to − 0.51) | −3.16 (−4.49 to − 1.83) |
 -P-value | – | 0.47 | 0.006 | <  0.001 |
ESS | ||||
 -BIA group | 8.4 (6.57) | 8.8 (6.75) | 7.5 (7.56) | 7.89 (7.49) |
 -Clinical group | 6.11 (4.65) | 6.78 (3.23) | 4.88 (3.40) | 5.38 (4.93) |
 -Between-group difference (95% CI) | – | 0.53 (−1.10 to 2.15) | −1.12 (−2.77 to 0.54) | −0.82 (−2.51 to 0.86) |
 -P-value | – | 0.53 | 0.19 | 0.34 |