Reference | Location | Population selection criteria | Study timeframe | Sample size | Gold-standard definition of kidney disease | Diagnostic tool for kidney disease | Sensitivity & specificity | Additional notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Current Study | Western New York | Outpatient data with two valid serum creatinine | 2007–2014 | 216,529 | KDOQI based on CKD-EPI eGFR | 27 ICD-9 Codes | See Paper | Gold-Standard based on 2 eGFR measures |
Chase et al. 2010 [16] | Columbia University Medical Center | Outpatient data with two elevated serum creatinine values | 2003–2006 | 175 | KDOQI based on CKD-MDRD eGFR | Electronic Health Records containing CKD documented in notes | 95.4–99.8 & 99.8 | All hypertensive patients |
Ronksley 2012 [17] | Alberta, Canada | Outpatient with two elevated serum creatinine values | 2004–2005 | 321,293 | KDOQI based on CKD-MDRD eGFR | 25 ICD-9 Codes | 18.9–29.3 & 94.6–98.5 | Gold-Standard based on 2 eGFR measures |
Cipparone 2015 [4] | Buffalo, Kansas | Inpatient Chart Review | – | 325 | Chart review protocol based on KDOQI Guidelines | ICD-9585.3 Code | – | Prevalance of misdiagnosis; no Sensitivity or Specificity |
Fleet 2013 [6] | Ontario, Canada | Outpatient age > 65 | 2007–2010 | 123,499 | CKD-EPI eGFR < 60; < 45; < 30 | Algorithm of hospital encounter and 11 ICD-9 Codes | 18 & 98.2 | Gold-Standard based on only 1 eGFR measure |
Winkelmayer 2005 [24] | Pennsylvania | Medicare Inpatients | 1999–2000 | 1852 | CKD-MDRD eGFR < 60 | 22 ICD-9 Codes | 2–27 & 93–100 | Gold-Standard based on only 1 eGFR measure |
Kern 2006 [22] | US VA and Medicare Systems | Inpatient and Outpatient Diabetics in VA System | 1999–2000 | 263,730 | CKD-MDRD eGFR < 60 | 79 ICD-9 Codes | 20–41 & 95–99 | Gold-Standard based on only 1 eGFR measure |
Stevens 2005 [18] | Laboratory Corporation of America, Columbus, OH | Outpatient age > 39 | 2002–2003 | 277,111 | CKD-MDRD eGFR < 60 | 51 ICD-9 Codes | 10–51 & 95–98 | Gold-Standard based on only 1 eGFR measure |
Navaneethan 2011 [19] | Cleveland Clinic Patients | Outpatient with two elevated serum creatinine values and/or two ICD-9 diagnoses | 2005–2010 | 296,249 | KDOQI based on CKD-MDRD eGFR | 8 ICD-9 Codes | > 80 | Gold-Standard based on 2 eGFR measures |
Lardon 2015 [20] | French PMSI Hospitals | Inpatient age 12–65 or 80 | January, 2014 | 533 | eGFR | Drools rules engine based on EHR and ICD-10 | – | Analyzed hospital stays, rather than patients |