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Table 2 Baseline Characteristics of analytic sample by level of social support

From: Association of functional and structural social support with chronic kidney disease among African Americans: the Jackson Heart Study

Variable

Total (N = 4015)

Low Social Support

ISEL < 32 (N = 843)

High Social Support

ISEL ≥32 (N = 3172)

P-value

Demographics

 Age

54.8 ± 12.6

54.8 ± 13.2

54.8 ± 12.4

0.87

 Men

1436 (35.8)

307 (36.4)

1129 (35.6)

0.69

 High school education

2567 (63.9)

430 (51)

2137 (67.4)

< 0.01

 Income

   

< 0.01

   ≤ 1.5 times the poverty level

1297 (32.3)

400 (47.4)

897 (28.3)

 

   > 1.5 times the poverty level

2130 (53.1)

319 (37.8)

1811 (57.1)

 

  Missing

588 (14.6)

124 (14.7)

464 (14.6)

 

Renal Disease Risk Factors

 Body Mass Index (n = 4008)

31.8 ± 7.2

32.5 ± 7.6

31.6 ± 7.1

< 0.01

 Smoking status

   

< 0.01

  Never

2738 (68.2)

518 (61.4)

2220 (70)

 

  Former or current

1275 (31.8)

325 (38.6)

950 (29.9)

 

  Missing

2 (0)

0 (0)

2 (0.1)

 

 Hypertension

   

0.11

  No HTN

1631 (40.6)

322 (38.2)

1309 (41.3)

 

  Controlled HTN

1198 (29.8)

254 (30.1)

944 (29.8)

 

  Uncontrolled HTN

1167 (29.1)

262 (31.1)

905 (28.5)

 

  Have HTN but can’t determine controla

16 (0.4)

5 (0.6)

11 (0.3)

 

  Missing

3 (0.1)

0 (0)

3 (0.1)

 

 Diabetes

   

0.03

  No DM

3129 (77.9)

633 (75.1)

2496 (78.7)

 

  Controlled DM

422 (10.5)

107 (12.7)

315 (9.9)

 

  Uncontrolled DM

423 (10.5)

98 (11.6)

325 (10.2)

 

  Missing

41 (1)

5 (0.6)

36 (1.1)

 

Renal Function

 Annual renal function decline (n = 2947)

1.2 ± 2

1.3 ± 2

1.2 ± 2

0.8

 eGFR at Visit 1 (n = 3953)

94.9 ± 21.5

94.5 ± 24.2

95.1 ± 20.7

0.51

 logACR at Visit 1 (n = 2614)

2.1 ± 1.2

2.2 ± 1.3

2.1 ± 1.2

0.30

 Albuminuria at Visit 1

   

0.15

  No

2287 (57)

442 (52.4)

1845 (58.2)

 

  Yes

328 (8.2)

75 (8.9)

253 (8)

 

  Missing

1400 (34.9)

326 (38.7)

1074 (33.9)

 

 CKD at Visit 1

   

0.02

  No

2197 (54.7)

423 (50.2)

1774 (55.9)

 

  Yes

487 (12.1)

118 (14)

369 (11.6)

 

  Missing

1331 (33.2)

302 (35.8)

1029 (32.4)

 

Social Support

 Functional (ISEL score)

37 ± 7.2

26.1 ± 4.7

39.9 ± 4.4

 Structural (Social network size)

5.88 ± 2.67

4.81 ± 2.45

6.17 ± 2.65

< 0.01

  1. Data expressed as n (%) or mean ± SD based on total of 4015 participants, unless otherwise specified
  2. aUnable to identify if achieve Hypertension control in participants with missing diabetes status and BP between 130/80 and 140/90