Fig. 1

Perioperative levels of biomarkers in AKI and non-AKI patients. Concentrations of (a) serum creatinine, (b) urine Klotho, and (c) urine NGAL at indicated time points after cardiac surgery. The urine biomarkers were corrected for urine creatinine excretion. Data were presented as median with interquartile range. ^#P-value < 0.05, ^##p-value < 0.01, and ^###p-value < 0.001 vs. non-AKI patients. ^*P-value < 0.05, ^**p-value < 0.01, and ^***p-value < 0.001 vs. the preoperative levels