Table 1 Baseline characteristics of studied population undergoing cardiac surgery

 Male, n (%)

58 (63.7%)

23 (69.7%)

35 (63.7%)

 Age (year)^a

61.79 ± 9.37

64.15 ± 9.37

60.45 ± 9.18

 Weight (kg)^a

62.11 ± 10.29

63.36 ± 10.06

61.38 ± 10.45

 Hypertension, n (%)

33 (36.3%)

13 (39.4%)

20 (34.5%)

 Diabetes, n (%)

14 (15.4%)

6 (18.2%)

8 (13.8%)

 Hyperuricemia, n (%)

15 (16.5%)

6 (18.2%)

9 (15.5%)

 Cerebrovascular disease, n (%)

4 (4.4%)

0 (0.0%)

4 (6.9%)

 Hyperlipidemia, n (%)

6 (6.6%)

1 (3.0%)

5 (8.6%)

 Peripheral vascular disease, n (%)

3 (3.3%)

2 (6.1%)

1 (1.7%)

 Congestive heart failure, n (%)

13 (14.3%)

7 (21.2%)

6 (10.3%)

 Contrast medium, n (%)

14 (15.4%)

7 (21.2%)

7 (12.1%)

 Use of ACE inhibitors/ARBs, n (%)

25 (27.5%)

9 (27.3%)

16 (27.6%)

 Hemoglobin (g/L)^b

129.00

(116.00, 141.00)

124.00

(113.00, 141.00)

133.00

(120.00, 141.50)

 Scr (umol/L)^a

73.77 ± 13.88

76.09 ± 15.60

72.44 ± 12.76

 eGFR (ml/min/1.73m²)^a

86.89 ± 15.55

88.38 ± 14.35

84.27 ± 17.37

 CABG, n (%)

32 (35.2%)

10 (30.3%)

22 (37.9%)

 Single valve, n (%)

20 (22.0%)

6 (18.2%)

14 (24.1%)

 Double valve, n (%)

19 (20.0%)

9 (27.3%)

10 (17.2%)

 CABG plus valve surgery, n (%)

10 (11.0%)

4 (12.1%)

6 (10.3%)

 CHD, n (%)

5 (5.5%)

2 (6.1%)

3 (5.2%)

 Aortic aneurysm surgery, n (%)

5 (5.5%)

2 (6.1%)

3 (5.2%)

 CPB, n (%)

67 (73.6%)

27 (81.8%)

40 (70.2%)

 Operation time, h^b*

5.00 (4.00, 6.00)

5.50 (4.50, 6.25)

4.50 (4.00, 5.50)

 CPB time (min)^b

84.00 (0.00, 115.00)

94.00 (56.00, 134.00)

76.50 (0.00, 112.25)

 AXC time (min)^b

46.00 (0.00, 69.00)

55.00 (11.50, 73.50)

46.00 (0.00, 66.50)

 Cardiac arrest time (min)^b

48.00 (0.00, 74.00)

60.00 (13.00, 75.00)

46.50 (0.00, 70.00)

 Transfusion > 400 ml, n (%)

10 (11.0%)

4 (12.1%)

6 (10.3%)