Table 1 Patients’ characteristics
Variable | Overall | Constipation | Non-constipation | p-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Patient no. | N = 7818 | N = 3909 | N = 3909 | ||||
Age, years (S.D.) | 65.2 | (14.3) | 65.0 | (15.0) | 65.4 | (13.5) | 0.20 |
Female (%) | 3540 | (45.3) | 1766 | (45.2) | 1774 | (45.4) | 0.86 |
Insurance amount, NTD (%) | 0.77 | ||||||
Fixed premium or dependent | 1519 | (19.4) | 765 | (19.6) | 754 | (19.3) | |
< 20,000 | 3276 | (41.9) | 1623 | (41.5) | 1653 | (42.3) | |
20,000–39,999 | 2391 | (30.6) | 1194 | (30.5) | 1197 | (30.6) | |
≧39,999 | 632 | (8.08) | 327 | (8.37) | 305 | (7.80) | |
Region (%) | 0.87 | ||||||
North | 2779 | ((35.6) | 1386 | (35.5) | 1393 | (35.6) | |
Center | 1710 | (21.9) | 856 | (21.9) | 854 | (21.9) | |
South | 2608 | (33.4) | 1296 | (33.2) | 1312 | (33.6) | |
East | 721 | (9.22) | 371 | (9.49) | 350 | (8.95) | |
Urbanization (%) | 0.88 | ||||||
Urban | 4403 | (56.3) | 2212 | (56.6) | 2191 | (56.1) | |
Satellite | 2529 | (32.4) | 1259 | (32.2) | 1270 | (32.5) | |
Rural | 886 | (11.3) | 438 | (11.2) | 448 | (11.5) | |
Comorbidities (%) | |||||||
Acute coronary syndrome | 371 | (4.75) | 188 | (4.81) | 183 | (4.68) | 0.79 |
Diabetes | 3735 | (47.8) | 1862 | (47.6) | 1873 | (47.9) | 0.80 |
Hypertension | 5277 | (67.5) | 2623 | (67.1) | 2654 | (67.9) | 0.45 |
Hyperlipidemia | 2919 | (37.3) | 1452 | (37.2) | 1467 | (37.5) | 0.73 |
COPD | 1046 | (13.4) | 516 | (13.2) | 530 | (13.6) | 0.64 |
Cerebrovascular disease | 631 | (8.07) | 343 | (8.77) | 288 | (7.37) | 0.02 |
Gastrointestinal tract cancer | 227 | (2.90) | 113 | (2.89) | 114 | (2.92) | 0.95 |
Inflammatory bowel disease | 68 | (0.87) | 31 | (0.79) | 37 | (0.95) | 0.46 |
Hypothyroidism | 101 | (1.29) | 53 | (1.36) | 48 | (1.23) | 0.62 |
Parkinson’s disease | 184 | (2.35) | 100 | (2.56) | 84 | (2.15) | 0.23 |
Mytonic dystophy | 0 | (0.00) | 0 | (0.00) | 0 | (0.00) | |
Medications (%) | |||||||
NSAIDs | 6271 | (80.2) | 3121 | (79.8) | 3150 | (80.6) | 0.41 |
Analgesic drugs other than NSAIDs | 6429 | (82.2) | 3210 | (82.1) | 3219 | (82.4) | 0.79 |
Aluminum antacids | 873 | (11.2) | 424 | (10.9) | 449 | (11.5) | 0.37 |
Antiarrythmics | 471 | (6.02) | 237 | (6.06) | 234 | (5.99) | 0.89 |
Anticonvulsants | 1052 | (13.5) | 537 | (13.7) | 515 | (13.2) | 0.47 |
Antidepressants | 1271 | (16.3) | 646 | (16.5) | 625 | (16.0) | 0.52 |
Antidiarrheal | 1155 | (14.8) | 578 | (14.8) | 577 | (14.8) | 0.97 |
Antihistamines | 5590 | (71.5) | 2775 | (71.0) | 2815 | (72.0) | 0.32 |
Antispasmodics | 2780 | (35.6) | 1373 | (35.1) | 1407 | (36.0) | 0.42 |
Beta-blockers | 3277 | (41.9) | 1627 | (41.6) | 1650 | (42.2) | 0.60 |
Calcium channel blockers | 4390 | (56.2) | 2197 | (56.2) | 2193 | (56.1) | 0.93 |
Calcium supplement | 986 | (12.6) | 493 | (12.6) | 493 | (12.6) | > 0.99 |
Diuretics | 3408 | (43.6) | 1694 | (43.3) | 1714 | (43.9) | 0.65 |
Iron supplement | 568 | (7.27) | 279 | (7.14) | 289 | (7.39) | 0.66 |
Opioids | 1630 | (20.9) | 821 | (21.0) | 809 | (20.7) | 0.74 |
Serotonin (5HT3) antagonists | 95 | (1.22) | 43 | (1.10) | 52 | (1.33) | 0.35 |
Propensity score, (S.D.) | 0.30 | (0.19) | 0.30 | (0.19) | 0.30 | (0.19) | > 0.99 |