Table 1 Intergroup comparison of baseline demographic, clinical data upon admission, indications for kidney biopsy and histopathological examination findings
Total | AKI | Non-AKI | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
N (%) | 223 (100) | 140 (62.8) | 83 (37.2) | |
Male sex (%) | 109 (48.9) | 68 (48.6) | 41 (49.4) | 0.508 |
Age (years) | 39.8 ± 16.8 | 41.2 ± 17.7 | 35.3 ± 14.4 | 0.030 |
White race (%) | 138 (61.9) | 87 (62.8) | 51 (61.4) | 0.482 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 25.3 ± 5.1 | 25.7 ± 5.4 | 24.5 ± 4.0 | 0.291 |
Comorbidities, n (%) | ||||
Hypertension | 94 (42.3) | 64 (45.7) | 30 (36.1) | 0.096 |
Diabetes | 20 (9.0) | 17 (12.1) | 3 (3.6) | 0.023 |
CVD | 12 (5.4) | 9 (6.4) | 3 (3.6) | 0.279 |
Cancer | 6 (2.7) | 5 (3.6) | 1 (1.2) | 0.273 |
Medications administered (%) | ||||
ACEIs/ARBs | 102 (45.9) | 57 (40.7) | 45 (54.2) | 0.038 |
Diuretics | 74 (33.3) | 42 (30.0) | 32 (38.6) | 0.130 |
Statins | 54 (24.3) | 31 (22.1) | 23 (27.7) | 0.227 |
NSAIDs | 28 (12.6) | 19 (13.6) | 9 (10.8) | 0.347 |
Antibiotics | 18 (8.1) | 16 (11.4) | 2 (2.4) | 0.012 |
Previous use of corticosteroids (%) | 62 (27.9) | 34 (24.3) | 28 (33.7) | 0.091 |
Indications for biopsy (%) | ||||
Nephrotic-range proteinuria or NS | 124 (55.6) | 73 (52.1) | 51 (61.4) | 0.048 |
Renal dysfunction of undetermined etiology | 28 (12.6) | 23 (16.4) | 5 (6.0) | 0.001 |
Hematuria with proteinuria (non-nephrotic range) | 22 (9.9) | 11 (7.8) | 11 (13.2) | 1.000 |
Renal manifestations of systemic disease | 22 (9.9) | 13 (9.3) | 9 (10.8) | 0.394 |
RPGN | 18 (8.0) | 18 (12.9) | 0 | < 0.001 |
Isolated proteinuria (non-nephrotic range) | 9 (4.0) | 2 (1.4) | 7 (8.4) | 0.096 |
Type of kidney disease (%) | ||||
Primary | 153 (68.6) | 86 (56.2) | 67 (43.8) | 0.125 |
Secondary | 70 (31.4) | 54 (77.1) | 16 (22.9) | < 0.001 |
Histopathological diagnosis (%) | ||||
Primary | ||||
FSGS | 39 (17.5) | 24 (17.1) | 15 (18.0) | 0.150 |
MCD | 36 (16.1) | 21 (15.0) | 15 (18.0) | 0.317 |
MGN | 33 (14.8) | 16 (11.4) | 17 (20.5) | 0.862 |
IgA | 19 (8.5) | 12 (8.6) | 7 (8.4) | 0.251 |
CGN | 12 (5.4) | 7 (5.0) | 5 (6.0) | 0.564 |
MPGN | 6 (2.7) | 1 (0.7) | 5 (6.0) | 0.102 |
Others | 8 (3.6) | 5 (3.6) | 3 (3.6) | 0.480 |
Secondary | ||||
SLE III/IV | 30 (13.5) | 19 (13.6) | 11 (13.2) | 0.144 |
ADGN | 7 (3.1) | 7 (5.0) | 0 | < 0.001 |
AIN | 7 (3.1) | 6 (4.3) | 1 (1.2) | 0.059 |
SLE V | 5 (2.2) | 4 (2.9) | 1 (1.2) | 0.180 |
Hypertensive Nephrosclerosis | 4 (1.8) | 3 (2.1) | 1 (1.2) | 0.317 |
ATN | 2 (0.9) | 2 (1.4) | 0 | < 0.001 |
Amyloidosis/MM | 2 (0.9) | 1 (0.7) | 1 (1.2) | 1.000 |
Diabetes | 2 (0.9) | 2 (1.4) | 0 | < 0.001 |
ANCA-associated GN | 2 (0.9) | 2 (1.4) | 0 | < 0.001 |
Others | 9 (4.9) | 8 (5.7) | 1 (1.2) | 0.020 |