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Fig. 1 | BMC Nephrology

Fig. 1

From: Spironolactone ameliorates endothelial dysfunction through inhibition of the AGE/RAGE axis in a chronic renal failure rat model

Fig. 1

Animal study protocol. Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups [Group 1: Sham-operation group, Group 2: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) group, Group 3: CKD + ALT-711 (3 mg/kg/day) group, Group 4: CKD + spironolactone (7 mg/kg/day)]. During the treatment period, groups 1 and 2 were treated with the same volume of vehicle by oral gavage; group 3 and group 4 were treated with advanced glycation end products (AGEs) breaker (ALT-711) 3 mg/kg/day, and spironolactone 7 mg/kg/day by oral gavage, respectively

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