Fig. 8From: Spironolactone ameliorates endothelial dysfunction through inhibition of the AGE/RAGE axis in a chronic renal failure rat modelApplication of confocal microscopy to illustrate differences in fluorescence intensity of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NOX-2) between different groups. Human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) treated with the vehicle were used as a negative control group. Compared with the AGEs-stimulated group, pre-treatment with spironolactone (10 μM) in AGEs-stimulated HAECs resulted in a lower fluorescence intensity of NOX-2. Pre-treatment with tenovin-6 (1 μM; the AGEs + spironolactone + tenovin-6 group) resulted in a higher NOX-2 fluorescence intensity than did the AGEs + Spironolactone groupBack to article page