Table 1 Evidence of studies that associated the SLC12A3 gene with diabetic nephropathy in T2DM

Tanaka et al [23] (2003)

Case-control

Japanese

Female n = 31; Male n = 63; Duration of diabetes ±SD (years) = 18.6 ± 9.7; HbA1c (%) ± SD = 7.7 ± 1.3; S-Cr (mg/dl) ± SD = 1.37 ± 0.83.

DN

In this study Tanaka and colleagues reported that SLC12A3 -Arg913Gln variation might reduce the risk to develop diabetic nephropathy (OR = 2.53; CI 95% = 1.57–4.09; p = 0.000087).

Kim et al [42] (2006)

Case-control

Koreans

Female n = 72; Male n = 105; Mean age ± SD = 61 ± 9

Duration of diabetes ± SD (years) = 18 ± 8; HbA1c (%) ± SD = 7.2 ± 1.5; S-Cr (mg/dl) ± SD = 7.03 ± 2.4.

DN/ESRD

This study reported that the Arg913Gln variation of SLC12A3 gene is associated with ESRD resulting from diabetic nephropathy in Korean population.(OR = 2.30; CI95% = 1.32–4.00; p = 0.003).

Ng et al [24] (2008)

Case-control

American Caucasians

Female n = 116; Male n = 179; Duration of diabetes ± SD (years) = 17 ± 8; HbA1c (%) ± SD = 8.0 ± 1.6; S-Cr (mg/dl) ± SD = 7.03 ± 2.4; Cases with CRF/ESRD (%) = 53.2

DN

In this study none of the SNPs showed any significant association with advanced diabetic nephropathy both in terms of allelic or genotypic distributions (OR = 1.213; 95% CI = 0.775–1.897; p = 0.397).

Abu et al [43] (2014)

Case-control

Malaysians

Female n = 56; Male n = 68; Duration of diabetes ± SD (years) = 13 ± 8; HbA1c (mmol/mol) ± SD = 8.8 ± 2.2; S-Cr (mg/dl) ± SD = 2.23 ± 1.94; GFR ± SD (ml/min/1.73 m2) = 59.8 ± 35.5; ACR ± SD = 269.8 ± 341.2

DN

This study reported that SLC12A3 -Arg913Gln variation was associated with diabetic nephropathy (OR = 0.547; 95% CI = 0.308–0.973; p = 0.038) and T2DM (OR = 0.772; 95% CI = 0.612–0.973; p = 0.028). In addition, Abu and colleagues indicated that the minor 913Gln allele in this gene could confer a protective effect in the DN.

Yadav et al [44] (2014)

Case-control

Indians

Female n = 62; Male n = 140;Duration of diabetes ± SD (years) = 13.81 ± 7.01; HbA1c (mmol/mol) ± SD = 8.0 ± 2.0; S-Cr (mg/dl) ± SD = 1.55 ± 0.97; FBS (mg/dL) ± SD = 139 ± 53

DN

This study reported significant differences in the Arg913Gln variation of SLC12A3 gene between diabetic subjects and controls (P < 0.03).

Nishiyama et al [45] (2005)

Case-control

Japanese

Female n = 18; Male n = 53; Duration of diabetes ± SD (years) = 8.5 ± 0.9; HbA1c (mmol/mol) ± SD = 8.08 ± 0.13.

DN

In this study it was reported that SLC12A3 -Arg913Gln variation was linked with albumin excretion (OR = 0.09; 95% CI = 0.01–0.92; p = 0.043), and that the +78A allele could have a protective effect against the development of DN among this population.

Bodhini et al [46] (2016)

Case-control

Indians

Female n = 207; Male n = 376; Duration of diabetes ± SD (years) = 19 ± 8; HbA1c (%) ± SD = 8.6 ± 1.9; FBS (mg/dL) ± SD = 160.3 ± 73.9; S-Cr (mg/dl) ± SD = 1.2 ± 0.89.

DN

In this study it was showed that the individuals carrying of the SLC12A3 -Arg913Gln variation had a significant association with DN (OR = 1.52; 95%CI = 1.06–2.18; p = 0.020).

Zhao et al [47] (2009)

Case-control

Chinese

Clinical and sociodemographic characteristics were not reported because the full article was not found

DN

This study concluded that Arg913Gln polymorphism of SLC12A3 gene may predict the risk of increase of albuminuria in patients with T2DM in Chinese population.

Zhang et al [48] (2017)

Case-control

Chinese

Female n = 84; Male n = 137; Duration of diabetes ± SD (years) = 17.7 ± 0.6; HbA1c (%) ± SD = 7.1 ± 0.2; FBS (mg/dL) ± SD = 147.7 ± 5.4.

DN/ESRD

In this study it was suggested that the SLC12A3-Arg913Gln variation is associated with a high risk of DN/ESRD in Chinese T2DM patients undergoing haemodialysis.