Higher estimated net endogenous acid production with lower intake of fruits and vegetables based on a dietary survey is associated with the progression of chronic kidney disease

Table 5 Crude and adjusted odds ratios for higher NEAP according to higher or lower intake of each food group

	Crude			Adjusted
	OR	(95%CI)	P	OR	(95%CI)	P
Cereals (higher)	1.23	(0.55–2.75)	0.619
Potatoes (lower)	3.56	(1.52–8.26)	0.003
Sugar (lower)	1.04	(0.47–2.34)	0.914
Pulses (lower)	1.47	(0.65–3.30)	0.353
Nuts (higher)	2.25	(0.99–5.12)	0.053
Green and yellow vegetables (lower)	7.94	(3.18–20.00)	< 0.001	5.18	(1.83–14.66)	0.002
Other vegetables (lower)	3.56	(1.52–8.26)	0.003	3.87	(1.29–11.62)	0.016
Fruits (lower)	6.41	(2.62–15.62)	< 0.001	6.45	(2.19–19.00)	0.001
Mushrooms (lower)	2.96	(1.28–6.80)	0.011
Algae (lower)	1.04	(0.47–2.34)	0.914
Fish and shellfish (higher)	1.34	(0.60–2.99)	0.476
Meats (higher)	2.20	(0.99–5.12)	0.053	2.64	(0.92–7.61)	0.071
Eggs (higher)	2.20	(0.99–5.12)	0.053
Dairy products (lower)	1.04	(0.47–2.34)	0.914
Fats (higher)	1.16	(0.47–2.34)	0.753
Oils (lower)	1.24	(0.55–2.78)	0.604
Pastries (lower)	1.04	(0.47–2.34)	0.914
Alcoholic beverages (higher)	1.33	(0.59–2.99)	0.489
Seasoning (higher)	1.13	(0.51–2.54)	0.762

CI Confidence interval, NEAP Net endogenous acid production, OR Odds ratio
Adjusted ORs were calculated using a multivariable logistic regression model. Variables with p < 0.1 for the crude ORs were candidates to be included in the multivariable model. From those candidates, variables for the multivariable model were selected by the forward stepwise method

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