Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients with chronic kidney disease stage 3–5 with 5-year follow-upa
From: Validation of the kidney failure risk equation for end-stage kidney disease in Southeast Asia
|  | Total patients with CKD (n = 17,271) | Patients with ESKD (n = 491) | Patients without ESKD (n = 16,780) |
|---|---|---|---|
CKD stages, n (%) | |||
 Stage 3 CKD (30 ≤ eGFR< 60 mL/min/1.73m2) | 15,313 (89) | 147 (30) | 15,166 (90) |
 Stage 4 CKD (15 ≤ eGFR< 30 mL/min/1.73m2) | 1833 (11) | 261 (53) | 1572 (9) |
 Stage 5 CKD (eGFR< 15 mL/min/1.73m2) | 125 (0.72) | 83 (17) | 42 (0.25) |
Demographics | |||
Age (years), mean (SD) | 75 (9) | 70 (10) | 75 (9) |
Gender, n (%) | |||
 Men | 8461 (49) | 233 (48) | 8228 (49) |
 Women | 8810 (51) | 258 (53) | 8552 (51) |
Ethnicity, n (%) | |||
 Chinese | 13,837 (80) | 356 (73) | 13,481 (80) |
 Indians | 708 (4) | 22 (4) | 686 (4) |
 Malays | 2155 (13) | 90 (18) | 2065 (12) |
 Others | 571 (3) | 23 (5) | 548 (4) |
Lifestyle factors | |||
 Government housing, n (%) | 15,348 (89) | 456 (93) | 14,892 (89) |
 Past or current smoker, n (%) | 1097 (6) | 42 (9) | 1055 (6) |
 BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 25.5 (4.52) | 26.3 (4.31) | 25.5 (4.52) |
Known co-morbiditiesb | |||
 Physician-diagnosed diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 10,129 (59) | 396 (81) | 9733 (58) |
 Physician-diagnosed hypertension, n (%) | 17,019 (99) | 488 (99) | 16,531 (99) |
 Physician-diagnosed cardiovascular disease, n (%) | 4354 (25) | 140 (29) | 4214 (25) |
 Physician-diagnosed stroke, n (%) | 2118 (12) | 62 (13) | 2056 (12) |
Recalibrated Pooled KFRE SEA equationc | |||
  > 3%, n (%) | 8229 (48) | 482 (98) | 7817 (47) |
  > 5%, n (%) | 6017 (35) | 475 (97) | 5542 (33) |
  > 10%, n (%) | 3506 (20) | 448 (91) | 3058 (18) |