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Table 1 Characteristics and outcomes of included patients

From: Epidemiology of acute kidney injury in intensive care units in Beijing: the multi-center BAKIT study

 

All patients

AKI

Non-AKI

p

Number of patients

3107 (100%)

1584 (50.9%)

1523 (49.1%)

 

Age (years)

64 (51–77)

67 (53–78)

62(49–74)

< 0.001

Male

1912 (61.5%)

970 (61.2%)

942 (61.9%)

0.74

Baseline SCr

77 (60.2–93)

79 (63–94)

74 (58.8–89)

< 0.001

APACHE II score

14 (10–20)

17 (12–23)

12 (8–16)

< 0.001

SAPS II score

34 (26–45)

39 (30–52)

29 (23–38)

< 0.001

SOFA score

6 (3–8)

7 (4–10)

4 (2–7)

< 0.001

Non-renal SOFA score

5 (3–8)

6 (4–9)

4 (2–6)

< 0.001

Co-morbidity

 CHD

615 (19.8%)

370 (23.4%)

245 (16.1%)

< 0.001

 CHF (NYHA IV)

217 (7.0%)

152 (9.6%)

65 (4.3%)

< 0.001

 HT

1222 (39.3%)

687 (43.4%)

535 (35.1%)

< 0.001

 DM

532 (17.1%)

320 (20.2%)

212 (13.9%)

< 0.001

 COPD

166 (5.3%)

98 (6.2%)

68 (4.5%)

0.038

 CKD

203 (6.5%)

167 (10.5%)

36 (2.4%)

< 0.001

 CLF

91 (2.9%)

53 (3.3%)

38 (2.5%)

0.168

Sources of patients

 ED

774 (24.9%)

440 (27.8%)

334 (21.9%)

< 0.001

 general wards

586 (18.9%)

383 (24.2%)

203 (13.3%)

< 0.001

 post-operation

1627 (52.4%)

692 (43.7%)

935 (61.4%)

< 0.001

 other ICUs

31 (1.0%)

21 (1.3%)

10 (0.7%)

< 0.001

 other hospitals

89 (2.9%)

48 (3.0%)

41 (2.7%)

< 0.001

Medications before admission

 Aminoglycosides

47 (1.5%)

30 (1.9%)

17 (1.1%)

0.079

 Glycopeptide antibiotics

50 (1.6%)

32 (2.0%)

18 (1.2%)

0.065

 Radio-contrast media

560 (18%)

305 (19.3%)

255 (16.7%)

0.069

 Mannitol

92 (3.0%)

45 (2.8%)

47 (3.1%)

0.751

 NSAIDs

253 (8.1%)

152 (9.6%)

101 (6.6%)

0.003

 ACEI/ARB

523 (16.8%)

281 (17.1%)

242 (15.9%)

0.179

 Statin

352 (11.3%)

184 (11.6%)

168 (11.0%)

0.611

 SCr

83 (62–116)

105.4 (72–161)

70.8 (56.7–89)

< 0.001

 Sepsis

641 (20.6%)

459 (29.0%)

182 (12.0%)

< 0.001

Organ failure

 Respiratory failure

811 (26.1%)

538 (34.0%)

273(17.9%)

< 0.001

 Acute hepatic failure

53 (1.7%)

37 (2.3%)

16 (1.1%)

0.006

 Hematologic failure

44 (1.4%)

34 (2.1%)

10 (0.7%)

< 0.001

 Shock

484(15.6%)

353(22.3%)

131 (8.6%)

< 0.001

 Cardiogenic shock

117 (3.8%)

96 (6.1%)

21 (1.4%)

< 0.001

 Hypovolemic shock

201 (6.5%)

130 (8.2%)

71 (4.7%)

0.004

 Septic shock

222 (7.1%)

173 (10.9%)

49 (3.2%)

< 0.001

 Obstructive shock

4 (0.1%)

2 (0.1%)

2 (0.1%)

< 0.001

 MV

2344 (75.4%)

1260 (79.5%)

1084 (71.2%)

< 0.001

 Vasopressors

930 (29.9%)

480 (30.3%)

450 (29.5%)

0.666

 Inotropic agents

665 (21.4%)

366 (23.1%)

299 (19.6%)

0.02

 Diuretics

1650 (53.1%)

1067 (67.4%)

583 (38.3%)

< 0.001

 WH/WD

691 (22.2%)

398 (25.1%)

293 (19.2%)

< 0.001

 ICU mortality

395 (12.7%)

346 (21.8%)

49 (3.2%)

< 0.001

 28-day mortality

542 (17.4%)

438 (27.7%)

104 (6.8%)

< 0.001

 ICU-LOS (days)

4(2–10)

5.5 (3–11)

3 (2–6)

< 0.001

 ICU overall costs (RMB)

32,000 (17000–74,000)

42,000(21000–95,000)

26,000 (14000–51,000)

< 0.001

 ICU daily costs (RMB)

6500 (4500–10,000)

6667 (4826–10,182)

6333 (4333–10,000)

< 0.001

  1. Values are presented as n (proportion) or median (interquartile range)
  2. AKI Acute kidney injury, SCr Serum creatinine, CHD Coronary heart disease, CHF Chronic heart failure, NYHA the New York heart association functional classification, HT Hypertension, DM Diabetes mellitus, COPD Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, CKD Chronic kidney disease, CLF Chronic liver failure, APACHE II Acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II, SAPS II Simplified acute physiology score II, SOFA Sequential organ failure assessment score non-renal, SOFA Sequential organ failure assessment score without the renal component, ED Emergency department, ICU Intensive care unit, NSAIDs Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs, ACEI Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, ARB Angiotensin receptor blocker, MV Mechanical ventilation, WH/WD Withholding or withdrawal of life-sustaining therapy
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BMC Nephrology

ISSN: 1471-2369

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